Unit 6 Vocab

Site

The physical character of a place

Situation

The location of a place relative to other places

Urbanization

The concentration of human populations into discrete areas

Megacities

A city of more than 10 million inhabitant

Metacities

A place with 20 million or more residents

Periphery

A less- developed, economically poor country

Semi-periphery

Countries that have a standard of living lower than those in the ‘core,’ but much higher than those in the ‘periphery'.’

Suburbanization

The growth of cities outside of an urban area

Urban Sprawl

The rapid expansion of the geographic extent of cities and towns

Urban Decentralization

The breaking- up of large cities into widely separated small towns

Edge City

An urban with a large suburban residential and business area surrounding it

Exurb

The small communities lying beyond the suburbs of a city

Boomburb

Rapidly growing suburban cities with a population greater than 100,000

World City

Dominant city in terms of its role in the global political economy

Urban Hierarchy

A ranking of settlements according to their size and economic functions

Globalization

The increasing connection of economic, cultural, and political characteristics across the world

Rank-Size Rule

A principle that says that the rank of a city’s population within a country will be approximately the largest cities population divided by the rank of the city in question

Primate City

A city that is the largest in its country, province, state, or region, and disproportionately larger than any other in the urban hierarchy

Gravity Model

A mode used to estimate the amount of interaction between two cities

Christaller’s Central Place Theory

Based on his idea that settlements only existed to function as “central places” to provide services for the surrounding area

Burgess Concentric- Zone Model

Describes expansion in concentric rings  around the central business district

Hoyt Sector Model

Uses pie-shaped wedges to illustrate his theory of land use and the CBD is at the center of the urban area

Harris and Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

The CBD was no longer the only center of an urban area or city

Galactic City Model

The model is based on the city of Detroit, Michigan and is made up of an inner city, with large suburban residential and business area surrounding it

Bid- Rent Theory

That different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city center for a greater amount of money

Latin American City Model

Element of Latin American culture and globalization by combining radial sector and concentric zones

Southeast Asian City Model

High- class residential zones that stem from the center, middle-class residential zones that occur in the inner-city areas, and low-income squatter settlement that occur in the periphery

African City Model

A generalized diagram of an urban area in Sub- saharan Africa that contains pre-colonial and post-colonial elements and is or was segregated by race

Infilling

The process by which population density in an urban center is increased by building on waste land or underused land

Infrastructure

The basic structure of services, installations, and facilities needed to support industrial, agricultural, and other economic development

Sustainable Design

Communities use smart growth and green building to create neighborhoods that are economically thriving and environmentally responsible

Mixed Land Use

Cities that blend a use of residential, commercial, institutional, or industrial uses

Urban Walkability

A term for planning concepts best understood by the mixed-use of amenities in high-density neighborhoods where people can access said amenities by foot

Transportation- Oriented Development

Creates dense, walk able, and mixed-use spaces near transit that support vibrant, sustainable, and equitable communities.

Smart- Growth Policies

A range of development and conservation strategies that help protect our health and natural environment and make our communities more attractive, economically stronger, and more socially diverse

New Urbanism

A planning and development approach based on the principles of how cities and towson had been built for the last several centuries

De Facto Segregation

A situation in which legislation did not overly segregate students by race, but nevertheless school segregation

Quantitative Data

Data that can be counted or measured in numerical values

Census Data

The primary data used by planners to understand the social, economic and demographic conditions locally and nationally

Survey Data

The resultant data that is collected from a sample of respondents that look a survey

Qualitative Data

Non-numeric information that describes qualities or characteristics

Field Study

Research activities that take place in the user’s context rather than in your office or lab

Field Narrative

An artistic research platform for rural biographies, trans generational and cross-continental storytelling

Housing Discrimination

Refusing to rent or sell housing because of race, color, religion, sex, disability, familial statue or national origin

Redlining

Discriminatory practice that consists of the systematic denial of services such as mortgages, insurance loans, and other financial services to residents of certain areas, based on their race on ethnicity.

Blockbusting

The practice of persuading owners to sell property cheaply because of the fear of people of another ethnic or social group moving into the neighborhood, and then profiting by reselling at a higher price.

Housing Affordability

Keeping housing costs below 30 percent of income is intended to ensure that households have enough money to pay for other non discretionary cost.

Environmental Injustice

Disproportionate exposure of communities of color and the poor to pollution and its concomitant effects on health and environment, as well as the unequal environmental protection and environmental quality provided through laws,regulations, governmental programs

Disamenity Zone

Areas in Latin american cities comprising neighborhoods characterized by informal housing in precarious environmental and social conditions

Zone of Abandonment

Areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons

Squatter Settlement

A residential area that has developed without legal claims to the land and/or permission from the concerned authorities and/or landowners to build a house

Local Food Movement

The push to eat food that is grown and harvested nearby to where it is purchased

Urban renewal

A process where privately owned properties within a designated renewal area are purchased or taken by eminent domain by a  municipal redevelopment authority

Gentrification

The process whereby the character of a poor urban area is changed by wealthier people moving in, improving housing, and attracting new businesses.

Urban Sustainability

Revitalization and transition of urban areas and cities to improve livability, prompt innovation and reduce environmental impacts while maximizing economic and social co-benefits, 

Ecological Footprint

The impact of a person or community on the environment

Remediation

The action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage

Redevelopment

The action or process of developing something again or differently

Brownfield

A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by real or perceived environment

Urban Growth Boundary

Geographic areas defined in plans or regulations as desirable and appropriate for growth during a defined period of time, usually 20 years

Farmland Protection Policy

Discourages Federal activities that would convert farmland to  non agricultural purposes