ch 1 biology 1201 - Licata
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48 Terms
biology
the scientific study of life
life
recognized by what living things do
emergent properties
more than the sum of parts (nonbiological entites)
What is reductionism?
The reduction of complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study.
Give an example of reductionism in biology.
Studying the molecular structure of DNA to help understand inheritance.
systems biology
constructs models for the behavior of whole biological systems and interactions across/between levels of biological organization
give me an example of systems biology
how does a drug for blood pressure affect other organs?
does every organism interact with its environment, including nonliving factors and other organisms?
yes
living organisms transfer energy from...
one form to another
light energy is converted into....
chemical then kinetic energy
energy flows through ecosystems, usually entering as ________ and exiting as ______.
light, heat
structure and function are...
correlated at all levels of biological organization
the cel is an organism's basic unit of
structure and function
the cell is the lowest level of organization that can perform...
all activities required for life
all cells are...
-enclosed by a membrane
-use DNA as their genetic information
DNA -->
genes
genes
units of inheritance
gene expression
converting information from the gene to a cellular product
core theme: evolution accounts for the _____ and _____ of life
unity, diversity
charles darwin
- voyage of the beagle (1831-1836)
- "on the orgin of species" (1859)
- evolution = "natural selection"
scientific method
--> observation --> generalization or model --> predictions or hypothesis --> test
What is a controlled experiment?
A controlled experiment compares an experimental group with a control group.
In a controlled experiment, how many variables should ideally differ between the control and experimental groups?
Only one variable should ideally differ.
in science, observations and experimental results must be
repeatable
what is an experiment
an activity/process that sets up a comparison between two groups (control and experimental)
What is a hypothesis?
what the experiment is testing
What is the scientific method?
an idealized process of inquiry
inductive reasoning
draws general conclusions through observations of specific/many examples
deductive reasoning
uses general premises to make specific predictions
example of deductive reasoning
if humans are made of cells (premise 1), and humans are organisms (premise 2), then humans are composed of cells (duductive prediction)
a hypothesis must be
testable and falsifiable
failure to falsify a hypothesis does NOT prove that hypothesis
true
supernatural and religious explanations are _______ the bounds of science
outside
the goal of science
to understand natural phenomena
goal of technology
apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose
Science and technology are
interdependent (depend on each other)
science is marked by ________, while technology is marked by ___________.
discoveries, inventions
which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific method?
belief
which of the following is NOT a requirement for a living system?
cognition
studying the way different animals interact in a forest is an example of
systems biology
the primary energy source for most life on earth is
the sun
which of the following is a characteristic of living things?
ability to replicate
studying climate change is an example of
systems biology
a synonym for evolution is
natural selection
which of the following is an example of "unity in diversity"
the fact that both you and paramecia have DNA genomes
evolution requires:
A selective pressure, variety from individual to individual, and ability to reproduce
Darwin saw many different examples of how animals and plants had adapted to their environments during his voyage on the Beagle. He took all these examples and combined them into a core explanatory concept he called "natural selection". This is an example of what kind of reasoning?
inductive
compared to a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell is
smaller and less complex