Chapter 5 Biological Macromolecules

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, monomers, functions, and reaction types for Chapter 5: Biological Macromolecules.

Carbohydrates

Biological macromolecules whose basic unit is monosaccharides, primarily serving as quick/short-term energy storage and structural support.

Lipids

Biological macromolecules composed of glycerol and fatty acids that function in long-term energy storage; they are not true polymers like proteins and nucleic acids.

Proteins

Biological macromolecules composed of amino acids that function in structure, enzymes, transport, and antibodies.

Nucleic Acids

Biological macromolecules composed of nucleotides that function to store and use genetic info (DNA/RNA).

Monomer

A small building block unit used to construct larger molecules.

Polymer / Macromolecule

A large molecule made from smaller units called monomers.

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction that builds larger molecules by removing water (Dehydration = Build).

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that breaks larger molecules apart by adding water (Hydrolysis = Break).

Monosaccharide

A carbohydrate consisting of one sugar, such as glucose or fructose.

Disaccharide

A carbohydrate consisting of two sugars.

Polysaccharide

A carbohydrate consisting of many sugars, such as starch, glycogen, cellulose, or chitin.