GATECH GLR US Constitution Exam
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127 Terms
Who was unanimously elected president of the Philadelphia Convention in 1787?
General George Washington.
What significant event did the Articles of Confederation represent after the Revolution?
A 'league of friendship' among the 13 sovereign and independent states.
What weaknesses did James Madison attribute to the Articles of Confederation?
Inability to regulate commerce, lack of tax power, and impotent in settling state quarrels.
What was Shays' Rebellion?
A 1786 uprising led by Daniel Shays to protest economic injustices and government policies.
What was the goal of the Constitutional Convention convened in Philadelphia?
To replace the Articles of Confederation with a stronger national government.
Which plan proposed a strong national government with three branches?
The Virginia Plan.
What did Patrick Henry fear about the Constitutional Convention?
He feared it was a conspiracy to undermine state authority and personal liberties.
What was the outcome of the New Jersey Plan?
It was rejected in favor of the Virginia Plan, which favored larger states.
How was representation in Congress ultimately resolved?
Through the Great Compromise, which created a bicameral legislature with both proportional and equal representation.
What compromise was reached regarding slavery during the Constitutional debates?
Slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation.
What were the primary two opposing groups during the ratification of the Constitution?
Federalists, who supported the Constitution, and Anti-Federalists, who opposed it.
What document did Madison ultimately push for after the Constitution was ratified?
The Bill of Rights.
When was the Bill of Rights officially ratified?
December 15, 1791.
What major concern did the Anti-Federalists have regarding the new Constitution?
The absence of specific protections for individual liberties.
How did Federalists counter Anti-Federalist arguments about representation and territory?
By arguing a larger republic would counter balance various interests and prevent any single faction from dominating.
What was the fate of the Constitution after its signing on September 17, 1787?
It was debated and eventually ratified by the states, becoming the supreme law of the land.
What is the Preamble of the Constitution meant to accomplish?
It establishes the reasons for creating the Constitution, including forming a perfect union, establishing justice, and securing liberty.
How many Senators are there from each state?
Two Senators.
What is the minimum age requirement to be a Representative?
Twenty-five years old.
Which body of Congress has the sole power of impeachment?
The House of Representatives.
What determines the apportionment of Representatives among the states?
The respective populations of the states.
What is the term length for a Senator?
Six years.
What is the primary duty of the President of the Senate?
To preside over the Senate and cast a vote only in the case of a tie.
What must happen for a bill to become law after being passed by both houses?
It must be presented to the President, who may sign it or veto it.
What is the significance of the First Amendment?
It protects freedoms such as religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.
What does the Second Amendment protect?
The right of the people to keep and bear arms.
What does the Eighth Amendment prohibit?
Excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments.
What does the Thirteenth Amendment accomplish?
It abolishes slavery and involuntary servitude.
What is required for an amendment to the Constitution to be ratified?
It must be approved by three-fourths of the state legislatures or conventions.
What does the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?
It guarantees citizenship and equal protection under the law.
What age must a person be to vote, according to the Twenty-sixth Amendment?
Eighteen years old.
What does the Twenty-seventh Amendment address?
It prohibits laws varying the compensation for the services of Senators and Representatives until an election intervenes.
What is the Constitution of the United States?
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States, establishing the framework for the federal government and outlining the rights and responsibilities of the government and its citizens.
What is Article I of the U.S. Constitution?
Article I of the U.S. Constitution establishes the legislative branch of the government, known as Congress, which is divided into two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. It outlines the structure, powers, and responsibilities of Congress.
What is Article II of the U.S. Constitution?
Article II of the U.S. Constitution establishes the executive branch of the federal government, which is responsible for enforcing laws. It defines the powers and responsibilities of the President and the Vice President.
What is Article III of the U.S. Constitution?
Article III of the U.S. Constitution establishes the judicial branch of the federal government, which interprets and applies the law. It creates the Supreme Court and allows Congress to establish lower courts.
What is Article IV of the U.S. Constitution?
Article IV of the U.S. Constitution addresses the relationships between states as well as the relationship between states and the federal government. It includes provisions for the admission of new states and the guarantees of a republican form of government.
What is Article V of the U.S. Constitution?
Article V of the U.S. Constitution outlines the process for amending the Constitution. It requires a two-thirds majority in both houses of Congress or a constitutional convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures to propose amendments.
What is Article VI of the U.S. Constitution?
Article VI of the U.S. Constitution includes the Supremacy Clause, establishing that the Constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land, taking precedence over state laws.
What is Article VII of the U.S. Constitution?
Article VII of the U.S. Constitution outlines the process for ratification of the Constitution, requiring nine of the thirteen original states to ratify it for it to become effective.
What is the First Amendment?
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the freedoms of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
What is the Second Amendment?
The Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms, and it acknowledges the necessity of a well-regulated militia for the security of a free state.
What is the Third Amendment?
The Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes during peacetime without the homeowner's consent, reflecting the colonists' grievances against British military practices.
What is the Fourth Amendment?
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures, requiring law enforcement to obtain a warrant based on probable cause before conducting searches.
What is the Fifth Amendment?
The Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides several protections for individuals, including the right against self-incrimination, protection against double jeopardy, and the right to due process.
What is the Sixth Amendment?
The Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, and the assistance of counsel for defendants in criminal cases.
What is the Seventh Amendment?
The Seventh Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dollars, reinforcing the role of the jury in the judicial system.
What is the Eighth Amendment?
The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment, establishing standards for humane treatment within the justice system.
What is the Ninth Amendment?
The Ninth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not deny or disparage others retained by the people, acknowledging the existence of unenumerated rights.
What is the Tenth Amendment?
The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reinforces the principle of federalism by stating that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved for the states or the people.
What is the Eleventh Amendment?
The Eleventh Amendment limits the ability of individuals to sue states in federal court, providing states with sovereign immunity from certain types of lawsuits, thereby protecting state authority.
What is the Twelfth Amendment?
The Twelfth Amendment establishes the procedures for electing the President and Vice President, specifying that electors cast separate ballots for each office to prevent complications during the electoral process.
What is the Thirteenth Amendment?
The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime, ensuring that all individuals are free and cannot be subjected to forced labor.
What is the Fourteenth Amendment?
The Fourteenth Amendment grants citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States and provides equal protection under the laws, prohibiting states from denying any person life, liberty, or property without due process.
What is the Fifteenth Amendment?
The Fifteenth Amendment prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude, aiming to protect the voting rights of African American men.
What is the Sixteenth Amendment?
The Sixteenth Amendment allows the federal government to impose an income tax without apportioning it among the states, providing a key source of revenue for federal expenditures.
What is the Seventeenth Amendment?
The Seventeenth Amendment established the direct election of U.S. Senators by the people, replacing the previous system where senators were selected by state legislatures, thereby increasing democratic participation.
What is the Eighteenth Amendment?
The Eighteenth Amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages, leading to Prohibition in the United States, which was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment.
What is the Nineteenth Amendment?
The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote, prohibiting any U.S. citizen from being denied the right to vote on the basis of sex, a significant milestone in the women's suffrage movement.
What is the Twentieth Amendment?
The Twentieth Amendment, also known as the 'Lame Duck Amendment,' changed the dates for congressional and presidential inaugurations, aiming to reduce the gap between election and taking office.
What is the Twenty-first Amendment?
The Twenty-first Amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, effectively ending Prohibition and allowing for the legal manufacture and sale of alcohol.
What is the Twenty-second Amendment?
The Twenty-second Amendment limits the President to two terms in office, establishing a two-term limit to prevent any individual from holding the presidency for an extended period.
What is the Twenty-third Amendment?
The Twenty-third Amendment grants residents of Washington, D.C. the right to vote in presidential elections by allocating electors in the Electoral College, acknowledging the unique status of the capital.
What is the Twenty-fourth Amendment?
The Twenty-fourth Amendment prohibits the use of poll taxes in federal elections, removing a financial barrier that disproportionately affected low-income and minority voters.
What is the Twenty-fifth Amendment?
The Twenty-fifth Amendment outlines the procedures for presidential succession and dealing with presidential disabilities, providing clarity on what happens if a President is unable to fulfill their duties.
What is the Twenty-sixth Amendment?
The Twenty-sixth Amendment lowered the voting age to 18, ensuring that younger citizens could participate in elections, especially during the context of military conscription during the Vietnam War.
What is the Twenty-seventh Amendment?
The Twenty-seventh Amendment prevents any law that changes the compensation of members of Congress from taking effect until after the next election, ensuring accountability to