chp 6: Manufacturing Process of Fibers

A comprehensive set of flashcards designed to enhance understanding of the fiber manufacturing process and its various components.

Manufactured Fiber

Any fiber derived by a process of manufacture from chemical compounds where the original form is not recognizable as a fiber.

Hilaire de Chardonnet

The inventor of the first manufactured fiber in 1889.

Rayon

A manufactured fiber that was developed in 1910.

Acetate

A type of manufactured fiber introduced in 1924.

Nylon

The first synthetic fiber, introduced in 1939.

Generic Fiber Name

The chemical definition of fiber, for example, nylon or polyester.

Trade Name

The brand name of a fiber, such as Lycra® or Dacron®.

Cellulosic Fibers

Fibers made from cellulose, such as rayon and acetate.

Non-Cellulosic Fibers

Fibers not derived from cellulose, including synthetic fibers like nylon and polyester.

Fiber Formation

The process of creating fibers from polymer chips, including extrusion and drawing.

Spinning Solution/Dope

A thick solution of raw material dissolved in liquid chemicals used for fiber spinning.

Filament Tow

An untwisted rope of thousands of filament fibers.

Drawing

Stretching the fiber to align the molecular chain, increasing crystallinity.

Texturing

The process of adding crimp to filament fibers.

Melt Spinning

A fiber spinning method where polymer chips are melted and spun into air.

Dry Spinning

A fiber spinning method that dissolves polymer into a solvent before spinning into air.

Wet Spinning

A method where polymers are extruded into a liquid bath to form fibers.

Fiber Modifications

Changes made to the parent manufactured fiber to improve performance for specific uses.

High-Tenacity Fibers

Fibers produced through controlled stretching to increase strength.

Low-Pilling Fibers

Fibers whose flex life is reduced to prevent pilling.

Binder Staple

A semi-dull, crimped polyester with a very low melting point.

Shape Memory Fibers

Fibers capable of changing shape in a predefined manner.

Delustering

The process of adding titanium dioxide to reduce fiber luster.

Solution Dyeing

Adding colored pigments or dyes to the spinning solution before fiber extrusion.

Flame-Resistant Fibers

Fibers modified to resist ignition, often through structural changes.

Antimicrobial Fibers

Fibers designed to resist bacteria and reduce odor.

Complex Modifications

Fibers made of two distinct polymers or having unique properties for performance.

Bi-Component Fiber

Fibers consisting of two chemically or physically different polymers.

Microfiber

Fibers with a denier less than 1, used in various applications including apparel.

Macrofiber

Regular fibers with a denier greater than 1, commonly used for apparel.

Fiber Size

Determined by the spinneret opening, influencing the end use of the fiber.

Crimping

A modification technique that adds texture and elasticity to fibers.

SPUN YARN

Yarns made from staple fibers through a spinning process.

Braided Yarn

Yarn created by interlacing strands to enhance performance.

Polyester

A type of synthetic fiber known for its strength and durability.

Acrylic

A synthetic fiber known for its warmth and lightweight properties.

Glazed Cotton

Cotton fibers treated for a glossy appearance.

Coolmax®

A brand of fiber designed for moisture-wicking and breathability.

Hydrophobic Fibers

Fibers that repel moisture, keeping surfaces dry.

Lightweight Fibers

Fibers designed to be lighter for improved comfort and performance.

Insulative Fibers

Fibers that provide thermal insulation to retain body heat.

Durable Fibers

Fibers designed to withstand wear, pressure, or damage in various applications.

Stretch Fibers

Fibers that can stretch significantly without losing form.

Combed Cotton

Cotton fibers that have been combed to remove short strands, resulting in smoother yarn.

Woolen Wool

Wool fiber yarns that are soft, thick, and less smooth.

Textile Chemistry

The study of chemical processes involved in producing textile products.

Charcoal Fiber

Fibers infused with charcoal for odor control properties.

Smart Textiles

Fabrics that incorporate technology for added functionality.

Recycled Fibers

Fibers produced from post-consumer or post-industrial waste.

Functional Fabrics

Fabrics designed for performance, often incorporating special features.

Thermal Regulating Fibers

Fibers engineered to control temperature and moisture management.

Cationic Dyes

Dyes that bond well with certain fiber types for vibrant colors.

Ultraviolet Protection Fibers

Fibers treated to protect against UV radiation.