AP Human Geography 2.4 - 2.9 Vocab

Anti-natalist Policy

programs to decrease the number of births

Boserup theory

a theory of Ester Boserup suggesting that the more people there are, the more hands there are to work, rather than more mouths to feed. His theory was in contrast to Malthus.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Demographic balancing equation

way geographers describe the future population of a region of any scale.

Demographic Momentum

process where even though fertility rates have declined, people are living longer which results in the population contining to grow for another 20-40 years.

Demographic Transition model

the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

Doubling time

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Ecumene

the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Emigrants

people who move out of a country

Epidemiological Transition Model

distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Esther Boserup

Danish economist, is known for her theory of agricultural intensification, which posits that population change drives the intensity of agricultural production

Immigrants

people who move into a country

Immigration

Migration to a new country.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Life Expectancy

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions

Malthusian theory

named after Thomas Malthus. His theory publised in 1798 analyzing the relationship between natural resource use and the growing population. He concluded that society was on a path toward massive starvation

Neo-Malthusian

concerned that overpopulation may increase resource depletion or environmental degradation to a degree that is not sustainable with the potential of ecological collapse or other hazards; promote birth control and family planning

Population doubling time

time it takes for population to double in size.

Pro-natalist Policy

programs designed to increase the fertility rate

Rate of natural increase (RNI)

the percentage at which a country's population is growing or declining, without the impact of migration.

Thomas Malthus

British economist; noted that the world's population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years