Infectious Diseases

Infectious disease

disease caused by an agent/germ/pathogen

ex: influenza, COVID

Non-infectious disease

disease is not caused by an agent/germ/pathogen

ex: heart disease, asthma

Communicable

infectious disease which is spread from individual to individual

all _____ diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are _____

ex: tetnus, lyme disease

Contagious

a very communicable disease that spreads rapidly from person to person

Zoonotic disease

caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted between animals and humans

ex: rabies, salmonella

Eliminated disease

no ongoing transmission, can return

Eradicated disease

totally removed worldwide, cannot return

ex: smallpox

EPID triad

a model that shows a dynamic relationship between the agent, host, and environment (how they line up), causes risk for disease

Agents

Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths

Host

vector and non-vector

Vector

caries pathogen from host to host

ex: mosquitos, ticks, flies

Non-vector

produces symptoms

ex: humans, birds, bats

Environment

Infrastructure, food prod/handling, natural disasters, increase use of antibiotics, global travel

Vector control

reducing or eliminating animals or insects that transmit diseases to humans

ex: spraying, repellant, nets, traps

Barrier protection

isolation and quarantine

isolation

symptomatic, stay away from everyone

Quarantine

exposed, stay in your bubble

screenings

for fast identification of disease

prevention of further decline

contact tracing (treating contacts for control of spread)

immunizations

artificially stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen

herd immunity

protecting the community by having a high percent of population immunized

personal protection

handwashing, wearing ppe, voluntary isolation when ill, taking care of immune system

Info demics

detecting and responding to infromation “outbreaks” and information overloads/voids

WHO priority diseases

COVID, ebola, respiratory syndrome (SARS), Disease X (the unknown disease)