LEGISLATURES

What is a legislature?

"A multimember representative body that considers public issues

What are other common terms for legislature?

Parliament and assembly – the terms are often interchangeable but can have specific meanings in certain systems.

What are the key functions of legislatures?

Representation\Deliberation\Legislation\Authorising expenditure\Scrutiny and legislative oversight\Impeachment\Formation of government (in parliamentary systems)

What is meant by 'representation' in a legislature?

Members represent the public—either directly elected or appointed—bringing public views into the political system.

What does 'deliberation' involve in a legislature?

The process of debating and discussing proposed laws and public issues

What is the legislative function?

Creating and passing laws

What does it mean for a legislature to authorise expenditure?

Approving state budgets and public spending decisions; a key power in managing national resources.

How do legislatures conduct scrutiny and oversight?

By examining executive actions

What is impeachment?

A process for removing officials (especially in presidential systems) due to serious misconduct or abuse of power.

What role do legislatures play in government formation?

In parliamentary systems, the legislature often determines the executive by supporting a majority party or coalition.

What is a unicameral legislature?

A legislature with a single chamber—common in non-federal or unitary states.

What is a bicameral legislature?

A legislature with two chambers—typically a lower house and an upper house.

What is the difference between strong and weak bicameralism?

Weak: Lower house dominates; upper house has limited powers.\Strong: Both houses have comparable powers and must agree to pass laws.

How are upper house members selected?

Direct elections (e.g., US Senate)/Appointment (e.g., Canadian Senate)/Indirect elections (e.g., France)/By state governments (e.g., Germany)/Inherited or ceremonial roles (e.g., UK House of Lords)"

What is the size of legislatures typically based on?

The population—larger populations often require more representatives.

Which country has the world’s largest legislature?

China.

What are some 'other functions' legislatures may have?

Declarations of war\Ratifying international treaties\Acting as a national symbol/In authoritarian systems: providing legitimacy

How might legislatures work in authoritarian systems?

Rubber-stamp laws from the ruling elite\Filled with unrepresentative members\Used to co-opt or neutralise opposition\Still perform symbolic or legitimising roles