Science 4NT Preliminary Examination Review

This flashcard set covers key vocabulary and concepts from a Science 4NT Preliminary Examination including physics, biology, chemistry, and health science topics.

Energy conversion in a rocket

The chemical potential energy of the rocket is converted to gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.

Heat Transfer

Heat travels from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

Potential Energy

A form of energy that includes gravitational potential energy.

Amplitude

The largest distance of a particle from its rest position.

Wavelength

The distance between two consecutive points on a wave.

Force

An influence that can change the speed, direction, and shape of an object.

Fuse rating

The safety limit for current in an electrical device; for example, a toaster using $9.0\,A$ should use a $10\,A$ fuse.

Core of the transformer

The part of a transformer typically made of iron.

Hydroponics

An intensive method of farming that maximizes the use of limited land spaces.

Iodine test

A food test for starch where the solution turns blue-black if starch is present.

Biuret test

A food test for proteins where the solution remains blue if protein is not present or turns violet if it is.

Drying agent

A substance placed inside food packaging to reduce microbial activity by reducing the moisture of the food.

Liver functions (structure X)

Breaks down drugs, produces urea, and stores excess glucose.

Inhalation mechanism

Air is taken into the lungs when the ribcage ($W$) and diaphragm ($Z$) move.

White blood cells

Blood components that destroy bacteria and other foreign bodies.

Stroke

A condition that occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off.

$$\text{Body Mass Index (BMI)}$$

$$\text{BMI} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{height}^2}$$

Hereditary diseases

Genetic conditions such as colour-blindness, sickle cell anaemia, and thalassemia.

Disinfectants

Chemicals used to clean surfaces of furniture to remove viruses like Covid-19.

Vitamin C function

Strengthens gums and boosts resistance to infections.

Iron function

Carries oxygen in the blood around the body.

Wastewater treatment

The process where acidic wastewater is treated with alkalis before being discharged into rivers and seas.