AP Stats Vocab #1

population

the group a person wishes to study

statistic

A number that explains a sample collected

controlled experiment

An experiment where only one factor is changed while the others are held constant

observational study

A study where observation only occurs

Types of data or types of variables

Various sections of information that can be collected to be analyzed

parameter

A factor that is held constant to better understand the effects of other variables

sample

A small group originating from the original population

Selection bias

When the sample does not accurately depict the population based on how it was chosen

response bias

When people give untruthful answers

2-way table

A table that compares and contrasts two different variables

Dot plots, Stem plots, & Box plots

Various ways to organize data to better understand the distribution

Sample survey

Collecting information by asking a group various questions

Bar Charts

A method of representing data through bar height depicting the frequency

Histograms

A method of representing data through bar height depicting the frequency

Measures of center

Statistic that illustrates the median value

Measures of spread

Statistic that illustrates the distribution of the data

Components of Experimental Design

The parts needed to conduct an experiment

Explanatory vs. response variables

Variables that create change and variables that show a results

Random sampling methods

Method of choosing a random sample in a population to limit selection bias

Measures of position

Statistic that shows where a value falls within the data

Placebo

A treatment that causes no affect, used for a analysis/comparision

Census

Survey conducted on a large population, conducted on every member

Treatments

Changes to variables

Blocking

Grouping similar groups to limit differentiation

Sample mean

the mean of a sample

Inference

a conclusion based off the data

Probability

the chance something will occur

Sample space

all possible outcomes of an event

Blinding

Making participants unaware of the treatments to reduce bias

Population mean

mean of the population