Pharm Part 11.3-11.5 - Sex & Thyroid hormones

androgens, testosterone

male hormones are called __________ and the main one is _________________

leydig, testes

androgens are produces by _______ cells in the ________

spermatogenesis

androgens primarily stimulate ______________________ and enhance male characteristics

androgens

alternate established uses of _____________ include replacement therapies (after removal or decreased production), breast cancer, and hereditary angioedema; other methods include anemia, catabolic states, and in the case of delayed puberty

should not

physiologic doses of testosterone (should/should not) be used to enhance athletic performance in boys

anabolic steroids

_________________ are androgens that are taken to increase muscle size and strength, beyond normal doses, “stacking” different agents

steroid abuse

____________ _______ can cause problems such as liver damage, cardiovascular disease, abnormal bone metabolism, mood swings, aggression, altered sexual function, and many others

no

there are usually (no/some) major problems with androgens are taken at physiologic doses

estrogen, progesterone

the two main groups of female hormones are _________________ and __________________

cyclic

production of female hormones is __________

estrogen

___________ hormone/s production is higher in the first half of the cycle, thickening the endometrium

luteinizing

___________ hormone/s production happens mid-cycle, a surge that causes ovulation

estrogen and progesterone

___________ hormone/s production happens in the second half of the cycle, getting ready for an egg to implant

female hormones

___________________ are used for hypogonadism, regulation of uterine and menstrual cycles, menopausal symptoms or postmenopausal osteoporosis, cancer, endometriosis, and oral contraceptives

contraceptives

hormonal __________________ typically contain both estrogen and progesterone combinations

ovulation

the oral contraceptives inhibit ___________ because of the steady amount of hormones provided over the active 3 weeks, altering the development of endometrial lining and mucous in the cervix

emergency contraception

examples of __________ are a synthetic progestin that is available OTC, selective progesterone-receptor modulators; not meant to be used as regular method

oral

cardiovascular disease and cancers are risks of _______ contraceptives

estrogen replacement

_____________________ can have beneficial effects such as bone mineralization and cardiovascular health, but has risks such as cancer, stroke, DVT; benefit:risk ratio must be considered

decrease

estrogen may ____________ the risk of coronary heart disease if used by women under 60 an within 10 years of menopause

patient education

___________________ is critical with the use and replacement and potential risks with female hormones and rehabilitation so that patients understand

thyroxine, triiodothyronine

the two primary thyroid hormones are ______________ and ___________

iodine

thyroid hormones contain the element __________

T4

thyroxine is called ___

T3

triiodothyronine is called ___

metabolism, growth

the primary effects of thyroid hormones are an increase in ______________ and play a role in normal ______

hyperthyroidism

symptoms of ______________________ are nervousness, low body weight, tachycardia, heat intolerance, and muscle wasting

hypothyroidism

symptoms of ____________________ are lethargy, weight gain, bradycardia, cold intolerance, and weakness

hyperthyroidism

__________________ is treated with antithyroid agents, high doses of iodide, and radioactive iodine

hypothyroidism

_____________________ is treated with replacement therapy and natural or synthetic forms of T3 and T4

replacement therapy

too much thyroid ___________________ can mimic hyperthyroidism

osteoporosis

treatment of ___________________ includes the use of bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone analogs, antibodies, hormonal therapies, and supplements

bisphosphonates

___________________ adhere to Ca2+ in the bone to prevent osteoclast activity; drugsends in “-dronate”; first choice for postmenopausal osteoporosis but can cause esophageal damage and bone lesions in jaw

estrogen

___________ replacement is another hormonal therapy for osteoporosis

calcitonin

___________ acts like the endogenous form of this hormone to increase calcium content in the bone