PIPH - Historical Development of Pharmacy

It is the art, practice, or profession of preparing, preserving, compounding, and dispensing medical drug.

Pharmacy

Pharmacy is derived from the greek word “pharmakon”

what does it mean?

Drug/ medicine

Also known as “druggist” (Australia - chemist)

healthcare who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use.

Pharmacists

A chemical substance used in the treatment, mitigation (alleviation of symptoms), prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental being

Drug/ medicine

A drug used for brain imaging

Technetium 99

It is used for anemia detection. it contains vitamin B12

Cyanocobalamin 57

It is another term for cancer

Neoplasm

drug used to prevent malaria and leptospirosis

Doxycycline

Are tools of traditional pharmacy, hence their use as an easily recognizable visual motif.

still widely employed as a pharmacy shop sign in Scotland. 

Mortar and pestle

term for particle size reduction

Trituration

term for creating/ preparing medicine

Compounding

Appears at the starts of prescriptions

Means “recipe” which means ‘take thou’

It has been suggested that it is the astronomical sign of the planet Jupiter.

Rx Symbol

a bowl with a snake coiled around it, with the serpent of epidaurus

Bowl of Hygeia

she was Aesculapius’s daughter and a Greek goddess of health.

Hygeia

The symbol of two snakes on a staff

Caduceus

Every happening is the manifestation of the spirits. The belief that objects, places, and creatures, all possess a distinct spiritual essence.

prehistoric pharmacy believed in this principle

Animism

They are the faith healers of prehistoric pharmacy

Shamans

The two practice of the shamans

1. Oral Rite

2. Manual rite

The ancient past, especially the period before the middle ages.

Pharmacy Antiquity

They believed that one could avoid disease by leading a righteous life and worshipping the proper God

Mesopotamia

Give the 3 deities of Mesopotamia

1. Ninazu - Lord physician

2. Nishingrida - Son of Ninazu ‘

3. Gula - godos of death and healing

Give the 3 main medical practitioner of Mesopotamia

and give what they believe in

1. Asu - Physician Priest

2. Ashipu - Exorcist and incantation priest

3. Baru - The sear priest

   • they believe that disease is a consequence of sin

First medical texts that are express through clay tablets (Cuneiform)

Collected by King ashubanipal

Library of Nineveh

Believed that a sick person was out of harmony with the world, have irked the Gods, the deads, or the spirits.

Ancient Egypt

Give the two deities of ancient Egypt

1. Thoth - Patron of physician

2. Imhotep - deteified in Egypt in Greco-Roman Times

Give the characteristics of Eber Papyrus

• 800 prescriptions; 700 drugs

• 10 pages; 20 meters long

• Purchased by Georg Ebers

• Now in Leipzig, Germany

father of medicine

Hippocrates

Considered as FOZ, FOB, FOE

Theoprastus

Give the 2 books written by Theophrastus

De Historia Plantarum

De Causis Plantarum

FOP; FOCHEM

Shen Nung

Material Modica

tackled the botanical basis of pharmacy

Pen-ts’ao

1. Boiling plants in water

2. Soaking Plants in water

1. Decoction

2. Maceration

Then who invented Cold cream

Cladius Galen

Other team for Cold cream

the active ingredients of CC

Galen’s Cream

Unguentum refrigerants

Rose water

3 remedies that is connected to Galen

1. Hiera picra - Oldest pharmaceutical compound ; contains aloe and camellia bark

2. Terra sigillata - Formed tablet like unit; “sealed earth”; APOI, fevers

3. Theriaca - Pharmaceutical Par excellence; Universal antidote; 70 varying ingredients

Royal toxicologist

Mithridates 6 of Pontus

Writer of Da Materia Medica

Pedanios Dioscorides

• 5 volume encyclopedia about herbal medicine and related medicinal substance (a pharmacopeia)

Da Materia Medica

Codifies the separation of pharmacy and medicine

King Frederick 2 of Sicily

• Translated the entire available hippocratic corpus and works of Galen, Dioscorides, Oribasius, and Paul of Aegina.

Hunain - Ibn - Ishaq

Compile a prototype of the formularies now used today

Sabur Ibn Sahl

 compilation of formulas or recipes for medications

Al-Aqrabadhin al-kabir

• sought  to unify all medical knowledge in his canon medicinae.

Avicenna

contained a treatise on poisons, sections on the preparation of medicine, and a long list of medicinal medicine.

Canon Medicinae

• Rejected the idea that foul tasting worked best in medicine

Rhazes and avecinna

 adding sugar to the pills to mask the taste of the medicine

Silvering of pills

Refined essence

Quintessence

Father of toxicology

Paracelcus

drug for malarial fever

where is it extracted

Quinine

cinchona bark

By Pasteur and Koch

germ theory of disease

Proved that microorganism causes diseases

founders of bacteriology

Robert Koch

• Renowned for his discoveries of the principle of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization

Louis Pasteur

3 Discoveries of lousy Pasteur

1. Fowl cholera

2. rabies

3. Anthrax

Developed diphtheria Antitoxin

Emil Von Behring

• Discovered the chemotherapeutic agents 

• Father of chemotherapy 

Paul Ehrlich

Arsphenamine. It is a compound 606 that treats syphilis, relapsing fever, and African trypanosomiasis

Salvarsan

• Accidentally discovered penicillin 

Alexander fleming

First apothecary in the USA

Boston

Philadelphia

NY

Establish th first apothecary in the USA

Christoper Marshall

year is establishment of APhA

1852

Establish APhA in hospital

William Procter Jr.

Self service pharmacy and its year

Jack Eckerd - 1945

Establish the first hospital pharmacy

Benjamin Franklin - 1751

First hospital pharmacists

Jonathan Roberts - 1752

Sepration of the two profession

John Morgan

First pharmacy internship program

Harvey Whitney - 1927

give the year of ASHSP

1942 - joined

1972 - leaved

1955 change the name

Mystic period

Supers Period

Empirical period

1. Babaylan/ katalonan

2. disease by elemental powers

3. Herbolarios

The first man who stepped on Phil soil tat started occupation give the date

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi - Feb 13, 1565

Fr. Fernando de Santa Maria

wrote the Medicinas Caseras

Fr. Francisco Manuel

Floores de filipinas

the school that has a mission to have a well rained practitioners

Practicantes de Medicinas y Farmacia

give the three hospital

1. Hosp de San Juan de Dios

2. San Lazaro hospital

3. Hospital de San Gabriel

establish Botica Boie in Escolta Manila

Don Lorenzo Negrao

Botica de Santa Cruz

dr. Jährling then Louis santos

it is in Plaza de Goiti

the board of pharmacy examiners

Act 597 of Phil Commission

PPha Establishment

1920

first pre - Rafael Carreon

First Filipino Pharmacists

Leon Maria Guerrero Leogardo

establishment of southsatr

1937 in Naga

Current president of PPhA

Dr. Dacanay

Who signed the Ra 5921

Marcos Sr - June 21, 1969

Known as Pharmacy Law

RA 10918

The preparation, mixing assembling, packaging, or labelling of a drug

Compounding

Pharmaceutical Care

“The responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life”

4 function of of pharmacists

1. professional

2. technical

3. administrative'

4. Entrepreneural

functions indirectly related to dispensing:

• Stocking shelves

• Cleaning up after the pharmacists has prepared the drug

Functions that are prerequisite to dispensing:

• Repacking multiple and unit dose packages of drugs and their labeling

Functions directly involved with dispensing

• Counting or dispensing prefabricated medications

• Reconstituting drug powders

• Preparing labels

Pharmacists

1. Drug therapy manager

2. Drug compounder dispensing chemist

3. Clinical aspect

4. pre/para clinical

Seven Star pharmacists

1. Caregiver

2. decision maker

3. communicator

4. manager

5. life long learner

6. teacher

7. leader