Key Concepts in Early Christianity, Councils, and Medieval History

Three steps of overcoming sin and wounds (Unbound)

Saying sorry to Jesus, forgiving others, and renouncing spirits in the name of Jesus

What led Christianity to spread within and outside Jerusalem

Holy Spirit and Pentecost; Martyrdom of Stephen

Finish this quote by Tertullian

"The Blood of the Martyrs is the seed of the Church"

What the Council of Jerusalem declared

Don't need to be circumcised to be a Christian

Who made the executive decision at the Council of Jerusalem and what prepared him for it

Peter/James; Peter's vision of eating unclean animals

3 major differences between Christianity and Pagan Rome that led to tension (50-313 AD)

1) One God vs many gods 2) Caesar is Lord vs Jesus is Lord 3) Infanticide vs saving babies 4) Sexual immorality vs purity

What Constantine did in 313 AD and why

Declared the Edict of Milan legalizing Christianity; had a vision of the Chi-Rho (PX) and won a battle

What Arianism taught

Jesus was not God, but created by God the Father

What the Council of Nicaea (325) declared

Declared Arianism heretical and that Jesus has always existed with God the Father

What Nestorianism taught

Jesus was two persons; Mary was mother of the man Jesus only

What the Council of Ephesus (431) declared

Declared Mary as Theotokos ("Mother of God")

What the Council of Chalcedon (451) declared

Declared the Hypostatic Union - Jesus is one Person, two natures (human and divine)

Pope who declared the Hypostatic Union

Pope Leo the Great

First four Doctors of the Church

St. Gregory the Great, St. Jerome, St. Augustine, St. Ambrose

Beginning of Monasticism and who started it

Began in the desert practicing poverty, chastity, and obedience - St. Anthony of the Desert

Date and cause of the fall of the Western Roman Empire

476 AD - Barbarian invasions weakened government and army

Who started Western Monasticism and what monasteries did in the Early Middle Ages

St. Benedict - monasteries preserved learning and social order

Who St. Gregory the Great sent to evangelize England and Germany

St. Augustine of Canterbury (England) and St. Boniface (Germany)

Who stopped Muslim forces from invading France in 732

Charles Martel

Grandson of Charles Martel and first Holy Roman Emperor

Charlemagne

What the Eastern Schism of 1054 was

Split between the Eastern (Byzantine) and Western (Roman) Churches

One cause of the Eastern Schism

Constantinople became the capital of the East; Filioque controversy