Maternal and Newborn (Antepartum part 1)

Amenorrhea

No period

Hegar’s sign

Softening and compressibility of lower uterus

Chadwick’s sign

Deepened violet -bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucosa

Goodell’s sign

Softening of cervical tip

Ballottement

Rebound of unengaged fetus

Nulligravida

A client who has never been pregnant

Primigravida

A client in their first pregnancy

Multigravida

A client who has had two or more pregnancies

Primipara

Completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached at least 20 weeks gestation

Mulitpara

Has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or more

Viability

When an infant has the capacity to survive outside the uterus . No specific weeks of gestation however infants born between 22-25 weeks are considered viability

GTPAL

G-gravidity (Nulli,Primi,or Multi)

T-Term births (37weeks or more )

P-preterm births (viability to 37 weeks)

A- Abortions/miscarriages (prior to viability)

L-living children

Cardiovascular output during pregnancy

Cardiac output increases (30-50%

Blood volume increases (40-50%)

Pulse increase (10-15 more beats per minute ) around 32 weeks

Chloasma

Increase of pigmentation on the face

Linea Nigra

Dark line down pregnant Belly from the umblicus to the pubic area

Striae Gravidarum

Stretch marks

Administer RH immune globulin IM

28 weeks of gestation for clients that are RH negative

Thalassemia

A genetic condition that damages your red blood cells

Anemia

A condition caused by a lack of healthy blood cells

Glucose tolerance test (1hour)

Needs follow up if higher than 140mg/dl

Glucose tolerance test (3 hour )

Diagnosis of gestational diabetes requires 2 elevated blood glucose readings (out of the 4 pokes )

A1c

6.5% to 8% : indicates diabetes

Greater than 8% -poor control of diabetes

Normal range : 5.7% or less

TORCH common infections that can pass the placenta and affect fetal development

T- toxoplasmosis (infection from a parasite from cat feces or undercooked food)

O-other infections

R-rubella

C-cytomegalovirus (common herpes virus. Can be in your tears , saliva , and blood )

H-herpes

Folic acid

Good for neurological development

Foods - green leafy veggies, dried peas , beans , seeds and OJ

Iron supplements

For RBC mass

Foods- iron is best absorbed between meals and when given with OJ : beef liver, red meats , fish poultry , dried peas and beans. NO MILK OR CAFFEINE interferes with absorption

Calcium

1000mg a day pregnant and non pregnant

Pica

Craving to eat non food substances (dirt, or red clay)

Healthy weight gain

0.9-1.8kg (2-4lbs) 1st trimester

After about 0.5kg (1lb) per week for 2nd and 3rd trimester

Doppler transducer

Monitor fetal heart rate (FHR)

Tocotransducer

Monitor uterine contractions

Systematic lupus erythematosus

Immune system attacks healthy tissues and organs

Intrahepatic cholestasis

Liver condition that affects bile flow during pregnancy

Oligohydramnios

Low amniotic fluid : serious pregnancy condition where amount of fluid surrounding the fetus is less than expected for the gestational age . Most common in last trimester .

Placenta Previa

When the placenta covers the opening in the mother’s cervix . Common in over 35 years of age

Vasa previa

Occurs when unprotected umbilical cord blood vessels cross the cervical opening . These vessels can tear during labor and cause fetal blood loss or death

Lecithin/Sphingomyelin

A 2:1 ratio indicates fetal lung maturity

2.5:1 or 3:1 indicates maturity with patients that have diabetes mellitus

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Hormone produced by placenta

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Protein produced by the fetus

Estriol

Protein produced by the fetus and placenta

Inhibin A

Protein produced by the ovaries and placenta