unit 3 ap euro

Dunastic Sovereignty

ruler having absolute power, above the law (early modern period)

Terretorial Sovereignty

power of state depended on how well it could protect the citizens; centralized bureaucracy

Popular Sovereignty

government legitimacy = people agreeing to the government, people have participation

English Civil War

• 1642-1651

• James I & Charles I attempt to make England an absolute monarchy

• Charles didn’t call for Parliament for 11 years → Parliamentarians vs Royalists (Charles executed)

Royalists

Supporters of Charles I of Britain in English Civil War

Absolutism

Monarch has absolute governing power & authority, nobody can control or check them

James I of England

• ruled 1603-1625

• son = Charles I

• divine right of kings, absolutist

Oliver Cromwell

• English Commonwealth leader (1649-1658)

• Puritan commander in Civil War

• created Puritan republic in England

Glorious Revolution

• peaceful revolution / coup

• King James II of England (Catholic) deposed, William & Mary of Orange rule under constitutional monarchy

• Bill of Rights created

Bill of Rights

• established in 1689

• limited power of monarchy

• increased power of parliament

Agricultural Revolution

• farming & domesticating animals

• surplus of food production

• faster food production

• made possible w/ technological advancements & new practices

Commercial Revolution

• economic expansion in 16th & 17th centuries

• growth of trade, banking, & capitalism

• consumerism-heavy

Divine Right of Kings

• political & religious doctrine

• monarch’s legitimacy because God gave them that power, cannot be challenged or questioned by any

Louis XIV

• 1643-1715

• absolute monarch, centralized power

• built Palace of Versailles

• expanded french territory

Constitutionalism

• political philosophy

• government bound to constitution

• outlines powers & limitations

• protects citizens from corruption

Serfdom

• system of labor

• peasants bound to work on the land of their lord

• peasants get protection, portion of crops, housing, small portion of land to grow their own crops

Thomas Hobbes

• author of Leviathan (1651)

• advocated for absolutism

• believes in immorality of humans

• absolutism = peace