POLGOV SECOND QUARTER EXAM REVIEWER SEM1Q2 SY 25-26

Ideologies

Set of opinions or beliefs

Political Ideologies

Ideas, beliefs, or opinion that people should have on how it should be governed

Liberalism

individual rights; free markets; limited government

Conservatism

Defined by the desire to preserve institutions and is reflected in a resistance to, or a t least suspicion of, change

Anarchism

abolition of all involuntary authority; society based on voluntary cooperation

Radicalism

the beliefs or actions of people who advocate thorough or complete political or social reform.

Socialism

collective or state ownership of key industries; reduction of inequality through wealth redistribution

Right-wing Populism

anti-elite, anti-immigration, nationalist, often skeptical of global

Populism

a political approach that strives to appeal to ordinary people who feel that their concerns are disregarded by established elite groups.

Nationalism

emphasis on nation identity, sovereignty, and unity

Communism

Classless; state society; abolition of private property; collective ownership of production

Fascism

authoritarian nationalism; state supremacy; anti-communism

Left-wing Ideologies

Ideas about freedom, equality, fraternity, progress, reforms, rights

Centrism

Balance between left and right wing. Freedom to choose

Environmentalism

environmental sustainability, ecological justice, grassroot democracy

Right-wing Ideologies

Ideas about nationalism, authority, hierarchy, order, reaction

Defined Territory

has clear geographical boundaries

Permanent Population

people live there

Government

has a political authority or system of rule

Sovereignty

control its own affairs without external interference

Recognition

often (but not always) recognized by other states

Population

Group of people who live within the state it can be large or small

Homogeneous nation

similar culture/language

Heterogenous nation

Diverse culture

Territory

Defined geographical area over which the state has control. Must have recognized borders

Government

Organization or system that makes and enforces law within the state that maintains law and order

Sovereignty

Supreme power of the state to govern itself without external interference

Philippines State Principles and Policies

Found in Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

Nation

Large group of people who share common elements of identity, such as:

Philippines

A multi-ethnic nation

Multi-Ethnic Nation

One where people belong to different ethnic backgrounds but still consider themselves part of the same nation or country