unit 7: lymphatic and immune system terms

aden/o

gland

adenoid/o

adenoid

angi/o

vessel

vas/o 2

vessel 2

bacteri/o

bacteria

immun/o

immune

lymph/o

lymph

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

path/o

disease

ser/o

serum

splen/o

spleen

thym/o

thymus

tonsill/o

tonsil

tox/o

poison, toxin

toxic/o

poison

AB, Ab

antibody

AG, Ag

antigen

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

CA

cancer or carcinoma

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus

EIA

enzyme immunosorbent assay

ESR

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

GVHD

graft-versus-host disease

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

Ig

immunoglobulin

KS

Kaposi sarcoma

MET, met

metastasis, metastasize

PCP

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, pneumocystis pneumonia

SLE

systemic lupus erythematosus

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

late-stage infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that progressively weakens the immune system

allergy

an immune response to a foreign antigen that results in inflammation and organ dysfunction

anaphylaxis

life-threatening systemic allergic reaction to a substance to which the body was previously sensitized

ankylosing spondylitis

inflammatory response that causes degenerative changes in the spinal vertebrae; sacroiliac joints; connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments in the hips, shoulders. knees, feet, and ribs; and tissues of the lungs, eyes, and heart valves

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

group of disorders caused when the immune system misidentifies RBCs as foreign and creates autoantibodies that attack them

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

complex chronic disorder marked by severe fatigue unrelieved by rest, often worsened by mental or physical activity; chronic fatigue and immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS)

chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 

group of disorders in which persistent or recurrent Candida fungal infections develop on the skin, nails, or mucous membranes

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

virus that causes infectious mononucleosis, characterized by sore throat, pyrexia, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

complication of bone-marrow transplantation in which lymphoid cells from donated tissue attack the recipient and cause damage to skin, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and other tissues

Hodgkin disease

type of lymphatic cancer; also called Hodgkin lymphoma

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

disorder in which a deficiency of platelets results in abnormal blood clotting, marked by tiny purple bruises (purpura) that form under the skin

lymphosarcoma

cancer of lymphatic tissue not related to Hodgkin disease

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that can be difficult to treat due to resistance to many antibiotics

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

group of more than 30 types of malignancies of B and T lymphocytes; also called lymphoma or malignant lymphoma

pernicious anemia

chronic form of megaloblastic anemia (producing many large, immature, dysfunctional RBCs), caused by a deficit in the absorption of vitamin B12 that reduces the body’s ability to produce sufficient numbers of healthy RBCs

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

a type of pneumonia caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii; seen in immunocompromised patients, especially in people with AIDS

polymyositis (PM)

disorder that causes the slow onset of muscle weakness and pain in the muscles of the trunk and progresses to affect muscles of the neck, shoulders, back, hip, and possibly hands and fingers

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

a chronic systemic disease marked by inflammation and destruction of synovial joints; joints become deformed, most visibly in the hands; pain made worse by movement and stiffness are the principal symptoms

scleroderma

group of chronic autoimmune diseases that causes inflammatory and fibrotic changes to skin, muscles, joints, tendons, cartilage, and other connective tissues

Sjogren syndrome

autoimmune disorder that causes dysfunction of the salivary glands in the mouth and the lacrimal glands in the eyes and affects other areas of the body; Sicca syndrome

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation and degeneration of various connective tissues and organs in the body, such as the skin, lungs, heart, joints, kidneys, blood, or nervous system

transfusion compatibility reaction

reaction of antibodies present in transfused blood to RBCs in the recipient’s blood or of antibodies in the recipient’s blood to RBCs in the transfused blood

transplant rejection

identification of transplanted tissue as foreign by the recipient’s immune system, which responds by attacking the tissue

patch test

test for allergic contact dermatitis in which paper or gauze saturated with an allergen is applied to the skin beneath an occlusive dressing and the response, usually a rash, is noted

scratch test

test in which an allergen is placed on a scratched area of the skin and the response is noted; positive reaction indicated by a wheal

CD-4 lymphocyte count

measurement of the number of specialized WBCs sometimes called helper T cells; used to identify whether a person’s HIV infection is worsening

enzyme immunosorbent assay

rapid enzyme immunochemical method for identifying the presence of antigens, antibodies, or other substances in the blood; used as a primary diagnostic test for many infectious diseases including syphilis and HIV

viral load

the number of viral particles per mL, or the quantity of virus in a given volume; people who have a high viral load typically have more serious symptoms

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

test used in the diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases that cause acute or chronic inflammation; measures the rate at which RBCs settle in plasma or saline over a specific period

monospot (heterophile)

quick test used to screen for the presence of the heterophile antibody that is present in individuals with Epstein-Barr virus infection

rheumatoid factor (RF) test

blood test used to identify elevated levels of the RF antibodies associated with rheumatic disease and other nonautoimmune disorders