Thyroid Gland and Hormones

These flashcards cover key concepts about the thyroid gland, its hormones, functions, and related disorders to aid in exam preparation.

Where is the thyroid gland located in relation to the trachea?

The thyroid gland is located at the level of the trachea, just below the cricoid cartilage.

What is the embryonic origin of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland is derived from the endoderm of the embryonic alimentary canal.

What hormone was isolated by Edward Kendall in 1918?

Thyroxine (T4) was isolated by Edward Kendall in 1918.

What is the main role of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the body?

T4 and T3 are required for homeostasis of all cells and influence cell differentiation, growth, and metabolism.

What does TSH stimulate in the thyroid gland?

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) stimulates the production and release of thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) from follicle cells.

What are the two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland?

The two major hormones produced by the thyroid gland are Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3).

How is T4 converted to T3 in peripheral tissues?

T4 is converted to T3 primarily in the liver through 5' iodination.

What are the common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Common symptoms of hypothyroidism include tiredness, forgetfulness, weight gain, cold intolerance, and dry skin.

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves Disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism.

What role does iodine play in thyroid hormone synthesis?

Iodine is critical for the production of thyroid hormones and is incorporated into organic molecules in the thyroid.