Expansion of British Power

Siraj-ud-Daulah

Last Nawab of Bengal|Succeeded Alivardi Khan in 1756|Captured Fort William (Calcutta)|Opposed British fortification

Black Hole Incident,1756

Associated with capture of Calcutta by Siraj-ud-Daulah|Used by British to justify military action

Battle of Plassey,1757

Fought between Siraj-ud-Daulah and British East India Company|23 June 1757|British commander Robert Clive|Mir Jafar betrayed Siraj|Beginning of British political power in India

Mir Jafar

Made Nawab of Bengal after Battle of Plassey|Puppet ruler of British|Could not satisfy British demands

Mir Qasim

Became Nawab of Bengal in 1760 replacing Mir Jafar|Transferred capital from Murshidabad to Munger|Reorganized army on European lines

Mir Qasim vs British

Abolished internal duties to create equality in trade|Conflict with British over trade privileges

Battle of Buxar,1764

Fought on 22 October 1764|British vs Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II|British victory under Hector Munro

Treaty of Allahabad,1765

Signed by Robert Clive with Shah Alam II|Company received Diwani rights of Bengal Bihar and Orissa

Diwani Rights,1765

Granted by Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II|Right to collect revenue in Bengal Bihar and Orissa|Foundation of Company rule

FIRST ANGLO-MYSORE WAR,1767-1769

Haider Ali defeated British alliance|Ended with Treaty of Madras (1769)

Haider Ali

Ruler of Mysore|Founder of modern Mysore military power|Strong opponent of British in South India

Second Anglo-Mysore War,1780-1784

Started by Haider Ali against British|Haider Ali died in 1782|Tipu Sultan continued war

Treaty of Mangalore,1784

Ended Second Anglo-Mysore War|British and Tipu restored conquered territories

Tipu Sultan

Son of Haider Ali|Known as Tiger of Mysore|Introduced military and administrative reforms

Third Anglo-Mysore War,1790-1792

British led by Lord Cornwallis|Ended with Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)|Tipu ceded half of territory

Treaty of Seringapatam,1792

Ended Third Anglo-Mysore War|Tipu surrendered half his kingdom|Two sons given as hostages

Fourth Anglo-Mysore War,1799

British led by Lord Wellesley|Tipu Sultan killed defending Seringapatam|Mysore brought under British influence

Tipu Sultan Facts

Used rockets in warfare|Maintained relations with France|Died on 4 May 1799 at Seringapatam

Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Founder of Sikh Empire|Captured Lahore in 1799|Known as Lion of Punjab

Treaty of Amritsar,1809

Signed between Ranjit Singh and British|River Sutlej became boundary

Punjab after Ranjit Singh

Ranjit Singh died in 1839|Political instability followed|British interference increased

First Anglo-Sikh War,1845-1846

British victory|Ended with Treaty of Lahore

Treaty of Lahore,1846

Signed after First Anglo-Sikh War|British resident appointed at Lahore

Second Anglo-Sikh War,1848-1849

British victory under Lord Dalhousie|Punjab annexed in 1849

Annexation of Punjab,1849

Lord Dalhousie annexed Punjab|Last major kingdom annexed before 1857 Revolt