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Displacement Abomasum (DA) common risk factos:
Other diseases: The stress of other disorders occurring around calving, such as ketosis, retained placenta, metritis, and hypocalcemia (milk fever), significantly increases the risk of DA.
Diet: Dietary changes and poor nutritional management.
Decreased rumen fill: The emptying of the uterus after calving = more abdominal space that allows for abomasal displacement.
How to prevent DA
-Control BCS prepartum
-DCAD to prevent hypocalcemia
-Prevent ↓ in DMI
-Fast ↑ DMI after parturition
-Control diet starch ( ~ 25%)
___ is defined as failure of the fetal membranes to be expelled within ___ after parturition.
Retained placenta (retained fetal membranes) (RP)
24 hours
Metritis is defined as postpartum cows with an abnormally ___ with fetid red-brown watery or purulent vaginal discharge within the first ___ after calving with or without systemic signs of illness (e.g., fever).
enlarged uterus
21 days
___% of RP cows will have metritis
60–80
Other things that can cause/increase risk for RP
-Dystocia, twinning, stillbirth, and caesarean section increase the risk for retained placenta
-Inadequate minerals and vitamins supplementation
-Immunity system disfunction prepartum
How to prevent RP and metritis:
-Prevent hypocalcemia
-Se supplementation (0.3 mg/kg DM)
-Vit E (1000 UI/day for dry cows; 3000-5000 UI/day closed up)
-Vit A (~90,000 UI/day)
Metritis Scores
0) Clear discharge;
(1)Cloudy discharge with speck of pus;
(2)Purulent discharge;
(3)Bloody purulent discharge;
(4)Reddish-brownish watery fetid discharge
Diet: NDF&NDSC
NDF (fiber from Forage) → energy → ↑ rumen health
NDSC (starch from diet) → energy → ↓ rumen health
Need a balance between the 2
Low/ high FNDF (NDF)
Low: DMI decreased, Milk decreased
High: Acidosis, lower milk fat, ↓ health
FNDF: 19-25% diet MS (optimal range: but can depend on diet)
Low/high NRC (starch)
Low starch: decreased milk, decreased milk prot., decreased efficiency
High starch: Acidosis, decreased milk fat, ↓ milk
NRC Starch: 22-33% is ideal range
NRC Starch Corn Grain (dry)
Max starch: FNDF x 1.3 or 1.5
NRC Starch high moisture Corn Grain
Max Starch: FNDF x 1.1 or 1.4
Fresh cows diet ~ 3 weeks up to 4
Metabolizable Prot.: ≥12 %
LYS: MET ratio (limiting AA): 3:1
Physically effective NDF (peNDF)- Term developed to measured that stims chewing and contributes to the floating most of large particles in the rumen
peNDF: 14-5 to 19% of diet DM
Rumen Filling Score (1-5)
Score 1: Thin, fluid, arcs, green
Score 2: Loose, splatters, little form
Score 3 (Recommended): Stacks up 1 to 1 ½ inches, dimples. 2 to 4 concentric rings, sticks to boot
Score 4: Stack 2 to 3 inches, dry
Score 5: Stacks up over 3 inches
Rumen Filling Score (How to do)
-how the cow is eating for the last 6-8 hours
-left side of cow
Lactating cow: 3.5
Dry Cow: 4.0