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Dense connective tissue
dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
- contain numerous, thicker, and denser fibers (closely packed) but fewer cells than loose connective
Dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
3 types of dense connective tissue
Connective, Epithelial, Musclular, Nervous
Types Of Tissues
Tissue
a group of similar cells and products working together to perform a specific role in an organ
Nervous Tissue
Internal communication
- Brain, spinal cord, receptor
Muscle Tissue
Contracts to cause movement (pull)
- Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
Skeletal Muscle
Muscle attached to bones
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle of the heart
Smooth Muscle
Muscle of walls of hollow organs
Connective Tissue
supports, protects, binds other tissues together
- Ex: Bones, Tendonds, fats
Epithelial Tissue
forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters
-Type & Function of their cell
-Matrix
-Amount of space cells versus matrix occupy
The 4 Tissues differ in...
Matrix
Extracellular material
Fibrous proteins and ground substance
Matrix is composed of..
Type and function, matrix characteristics and space
How the 4 Tissues differ from each other
Ground substance
The ECF / clear gel
Endoderm, Mesdoderm, Ectoderm
3 Germ Layers
zygote
A fertalized egg
Endoderm
Inner layer that gives rise to mucous membrane lining digestive and respiratory tracts
Medoderm
Middle layer with connective tissue, gives rise to cartilage, bone, and blood
Ectoderm
Outer Layer, epethelium, gives rise to epidermis and nervous system
Covering and lining/ Glandular
Types of Epethelial Tissue
covering and lining epithelium
Epethilium on external and internal surfaces
Glandular Epithelia
Epithelium Secretory tissue in glands
1. Cells have polarity
2. Closley packed cells: junctions
3. Supported by connective tissue
4. Avascular but innervated
5. High rate of regeneration
Charactersitics of epithelial
Avascular
No blood supply
Innervated
has a nerve supply
Regeneration
Mitosis in basal level that pushes towards atypical
Simple
one layer of cells
Stratified
multiple layers of cells
Simple Squamos
Single Row of thin cells
Simple Squamos
- Diffusion
- Alveoli
Simple Cuboidal
single layer of cube shaped cells
Simple Cubiodal
- Absorption and secretion
- Kidney Tubules
Simple Columnar
Single layer of tall column cells
Simple Columnar
- absorption and secretion
-Lining of GI Tract & Uterine Tubes
Pseudostratified Epithelium
Tissue with cells that appear to be in layers, but are not
Pseudostratified Epithelium
- Secretes and Propels mucus
- Trachea
Stratified Epethelia
deepest layer goes through mitosis
daughter cells push towards surface and become flatter until they die off/ exfoliate
Keratinized & Nonkeratinized
Type of Stratified Squamos Epethelia
Keratinized Stratified Squamos
Mutliple cell layers; become flat and scaly
Keratinized
found on skin surface, abrasion resistant
- Epidermis & Palms
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamos
Lacks surface layer of dead cells
nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Resist abration and penetration of pathogens
- Esophogus & Vagina
Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified Cuboidal
Secretes sweat
- Sweat glands, ovarian follices
Transitional Epithelium
Multiple layer of cells that change from round to flat when stretched
Transitional Epethelium
Allow for filling of urinary tract
- Kidney Bladder and urinary
Connective Tissue
most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue, blood
Four Classes of Connective Tissue
Loose and Dense
Types of Connective proper Tissue
binding and support, protection, insulation, transportation
Functions of Connective Tissue
Fibroblast
Cell that forms fibers
Lymphocyte and Macrophages
White blood cells
Collagen, Elastic, Reticular
3 Types of Fibers
Collagen Fiber
Strongest and most abundant type
Tough; provides high tensile strength
Elastic Fiber
network of long, thin, elastin fibers: stretch
Reticular Fiber
short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
Loose Connective Tissue
The fibers in this tissue are loosely arranged among many cells
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
Types of Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar Tissue
Loosely organized fibers, abundant in blood vessels
- cushion and support
- Packaging Material under epethelia for passageway of nerves and blood vessels
Adipose Tissue
Empty looking cells with nucleus pressed agaisnt cell membrane
- Energy storage, insulation, cushioning
- Subcutaneous fat and organ packing
Brown fat
Produces heat
Reticular Tissue
Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts
Forms supportive stroma (framework) for lymphatic organs
Found in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow
Dense regular, dense irregular, elastic
Types of Dense Connective Tissue
dense regular connective tissue
Densely packed, collagen fibers
- compressed fibroblast nuclei
- Tendons and Ligaments
Tendons
attach muscle to bone
Ligaments
attach bone to bone
1 direction
What direction does dense regular connective tissue move?
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Densely packed, randomly arranged, collagen fibers
- Withstand unpredictable stress
- Deep layer of skin
Every Direction
In what direction do Dense Irregular Connective Tissues move?
Dense Elastic Connective tissue
Allows tissue to recoil after stretching
-maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries
-aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration
- Aorta
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
Types of Cartilage
Cartilage
A connective tissue that is a dense network of collagen & elastic fibers embedded
- No blood vessels or nerves= very little repair
Chondorcytes
Cartilage cells
Hyaline Cartilage
Clear, glossy appearance because of fineness of collagen fibers
- Eases joint movement, airway opening, vocal cords movement
- Articular cartilage, trachea, larynx
Articular Cartilage
hyaline cartilage that covers ends of bones in synovial joints so they dont interact
Elastic Cartilage
cartilage with abundant elastic fibers
- Covered with perichondrium
- Provides flexible elastic support
- Located on external ear and epiglottis
Perichondrium
surrounding membrane that covers elastic cartilage
Epiglottis
A flap of tissue that seals off the windpipe and prevents food from entering.
Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage
Cartilage Tissues from weakest to strongest
Fibrocartilage
Large coarse bundles of collagen fibers
- Resist shock absorption & compression
- Invertebral discs
Compact Bone
Osteons
- Blood vessels and nerves travel through center canal
-bone matric is deposited in concentric lamallae
Blood
A connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are formed
- Transports cells and dissolved material from place to place
Erythrocycte
Red blood cell
- transports O2 AND CO2
Leukocyte
white blood cell; defende against infection and disease
Platelets
cell fragments involved in clotting
Plasma
blood's ground substance
Muscular tissue
Contracts in response to stimulation
- exerts physical force on other tissues and organs
- creates movement
-Important source of body heat
Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Made of muscle fibers
- Attach to bone
- Contains multiple nuclei adjacent to plasma membrane
- Striations and Voluntary Control
Hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
Autotrophy
Decrease in muscle size
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
- Cardiomyocytes (cells) are branched
- Intercalated discs provide electrical and mechanical connection
- 1 nucleus
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body
- Made of fusiform myocytes lacking striations
Nervous Tissue
Communication by electrical and chemical signals
- Consists of neurons
- Nueroglia
Neurons
Detect stimuli, respond quickly, transmit coded info rapidly to other cells
Nueroglia
Protects and assists neurons
-Housekeepers of nervous system
- More numerous than neurons
Glands
A cel or organ that secretes substances for use elsewhere in the body or releases then for elimination from the body
Exocrine and Endocrine
2 types of glands
