Cell Structure POGIL Key-1
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21 Terms
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Cell
The smallest unit of life; structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
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Prokaryotes
Unicellular organisms that evolved 3.5 billion years ago, lacking a membrane-bound nucleus.
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Eukaryotes
Cells that contain a membrane-bound nucleus and evolved 1.5 billion years ago; can be unicellular or multicellular.
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Cytoplasm
The area of a cell between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, comprised of cytosol and organelles.
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Cytosol
The fluid component of the cytoplasm.
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Differentiation
The process by which cells become specialized for specific functions.
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Organelle
Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.
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Ribosome
An organelle that synthesizes proteins, can be found freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
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Endosymbiotic Theory
The theory that explains the origin of mitochondria and plastids through a symbiotic relationship between prokaryotes.
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Multicellular Organisms
Organisms composed of many specialized cells that work together, forming tissues and organs.
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Nucleus
Membrane-bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains DNA.
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Chromosome
A structure made of DNA that contains genetic information.
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Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.
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Plasma Membrane
The boundary that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.
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Cytoskeleton
A network of filaments and tubules that provides structural support and shape to eukaryotic cells.
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Specialization
The process in which cells develop distinct functions to contribute to the organism's various needs.
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Mitochondria
Organelles that evolved from aerobic prokaryotes, involved in producing energy through respiration.
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Chloroplasts
Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis.
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Tissue
A group of similar specialized cells that perform a specific function.
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Organ System
A group of different organs that work together to perform complex functions.
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Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and are typically unicellular, while eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and can be multicellular.
Note 
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