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A cell does three main kinds of work
chemical
transport
Mechanical
Energy is
capacity to cause change
work is
movement of matter against opposing forces (ex. gravity and friction)
Kinetic Energy
associated with motion energy
Thermal Energy
kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms/molecules (ex. fire)
Heat is
thermal energy
potential energy
energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
chemical energy
potential energy available for relase in a chemical reaction
Catabolism
Metabolic reaction that break down food molecules
Anabolism
Metabolic reactions that build larger biological molecules from smaller pieces. Uses ATP
What is stage 1 of catabolism
Digestion and hydrolysis - break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter bloodstream
what is stage 2 of catabolism
Degradation - breaks down molecules to 2 and 3 carbon compounds
What is stage 3 of catabolism
oxidation - small molecules in citric acid cycle and electron transport provides ATP energy
DIgestion of fat happens in
small intestine
Digestion of proteins happens in
stomach by the use of pepsin
4 Main coenzymes used in metabolism
NAD+
FAD+
Coenzyme A
NADPH
NAD+ and NADP+ are derived from
vitamin B3
FAD is a coenzyme that contains
vitamin B2
Coenzyme A contains
vitamin B5
GLycolysis is a metabolic pathway that uses
glucose
degrades 6 carbon to 3 carbon pyruvate
happens in cytoplasm
Pyruvate is converted to _______ under _______ conditions and to _______ under _______ conditions
acetyle CoA, Aerobic
Lactate, Anaerobic
