Chapter 18

A cell does three main kinds of work

• chemical

• transport

• Mechanical

Energy is

capacity to cause change

work is

movement of matter against opposing forces (ex. gravity and friction)

Kinetic Energy

associated with motion energy

Thermal Energy

kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms/molecules (ex. fire)

Heat is

thermal energy

potential energy

energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure

chemical energy

potential energy available for relase in a chemical reaction

Catabolism

Metabolic reaction that break down food molecules

Anabolism

Metabolic reactions that build larger biological molecules from smaller pieces. Uses ATP

What is stage 1 of catabolism

Digestion and hydrolysis - break down large molecules to smaller ones that enter bloodstream

what is stage 2 of catabolism

Degradation - breaks down molecules to 2 and 3 carbon compounds

What is stage 3 of catabolism

oxidation - small molecules in citric acid cycle and electron transport provides ATP energy

DIgestion of fat happens in

small intestine

Digestion of proteins happens in

stomach by the use of pepsin

4 Main coenzymes used in metabolism

• NAD+

• FAD+

• Coenzyme A

• NADPH

NAD+ and NADP+ are derived from

vitamin B3

FAD is a coenzyme that contains

vitamin B2

Coenzyme A contains

vitamin B5

GLycolysis is a metabolic pathway that uses

• glucose

• degrades 6 carbon to 3 carbon pyruvate

• happens in cytoplasm

Pyruvate is converted to _______ under _______ conditions and to _______ under _______ conditions

acetyle CoA, Aerobic

Lactate, Anaerobic