A&P - 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin

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36 Terms

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structures of the skin

  • epidermis

  • dermis

    • cutaneous vascular plexus

  • hypodermis

    • adipose tissue

  • accessory organs of skin

    • sensory nerve fiber

    • pacinian corpuscles

    • hair follicle

    • hair root

    • hair follicle receptor

    • hair shaft

    • arrector pili muscle

    • sebaceous (oil) gland

    • eccrine sweat gland

    • pore of sweat gland duct

<ul><li><p>epidermis</p></li><li><p>dermis</p><ul><li><p>cutaneous vascular plexus</p></li></ul></li><li><p>hypodermis</p><ul><li><p>adipose tissue</p></li></ul></li><li><p>accessory organs of skin</p><ul><li><p>sensory nerve fiber</p></li><li><p>pacinian corpuscles</p></li><li><p>hair follicle</p></li><li><p>hair root</p></li><li><p>hair follicle receptor</p></li><li><p>hair shaft</p></li><li><p>arrector pili muscle</p></li><li><p>sebaceous (oil) gland</p></li><li><p>eccrine sweat gland</p></li><li><p>pore of sweat gland duct</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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accessory organs of skin

  • nerve fibers and corpuscles

  • hair follicles, hair shafts, and arrector pili muscles

  • glands, arteries, veins, and lymph vessels

  • nails

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cutaneous vascular plexus

network of blood vessels within the skin that nourishes and supports the skin’s layers and structures

<p>network of blood vessels within the skin that nourishes and supports the skin’s layers and structures</p>
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hair

  • keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis

  • found almost everywhere on the body

    • except palms of hands, soles of feet, side of fingers, and toes, lips, and parts of external genitalia

  • body has about 2.5 million hairs

    • 75 percent on general body surface (not on head)

  • nonliving structures

  • FUNCTION: sensory input and protection from UV rays

  • each hair produced by a hair follicle

<ul><li><p>keratinous filament growing out of the epidermis</p></li><li><p>found almost everywhere on the body</p><ul><li><p>except palms of hands, soles of feet, side of fingers, and toes, lips, and parts of external genitalia</p></li></ul></li><li><p>body has about 2.5 million hairs</p><ul><li><p>75 percent on general body surface (not on head)</p></li></ul></li><li><p>nonliving structures</p></li><li><p>FUNCTION: sensory input and protection from UV rays</p></li><li><p>each hair produced by a hair follicle</p></li></ul><p></p>
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associated structures of hair

  • hair follicle

  • hair follicle receptor

  • hair shaft

  • hair root

<ul><li><p>hair follicle</p></li><li><p>hair follicle receptor</p></li><li><p>hair shaft</p></li><li><p>hair root</p></li></ul><p></p>
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hair follicle

cavity or sac from which hair originates

<p>cavity or sac from which hair originates</p>
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hair follicle receptor

  • a sensory nerve ending, called a hair plexus, that wraps around the base of a hair follicle, allowing for the sensation of touch

  • sensory input; you feel a bug land on you even though its not touching your skin, or you’ll feel a breeze

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hair shaft

  • part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle

  • layers of the hair shaft:

    • medulla

    • cortex

    • cuticle

<ul><li><p>part of hair that is above the epidermis but is not anchored to the follicle</p></li><li><p>layers of the hair shaft:</p><ul><li><p>medulla</p></li><li><p>cortex</p></li><li><p>cuticle</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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medulla

in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

<p>in hair, the innermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix</p>
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cortex

in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

<p>in hair, the second or middle layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix</p>
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cuticle

in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix

<p>in hair, the outermost layer of keratinocytes originating from the hair matrix</p>
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hair root

part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle

<p>part of hair that is below the epidermis anchored to the follicle</p>
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glassy membrane

layer of connective tissue that surrounds the base of the hair follicle, connecting it to the dermis

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types of hair

  • terminal hairs

  • vellus hairs

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terminal hairs

  • large, coarse, darkly pigmented

  • examples: hairs found on scalp or in armpit

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vellus hairs

  • smaller, shorter, delicate

  • found on general body surface

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arrector pili muscle

smooth muscle that is activated in response to external stimuli that pull on hair follicles and make the hair “stand up”

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accessory glands

  • skin has 5 types of glands:

    • merocrine sweat glands

    • apocrine sweat glands

    • sebaceous glands

    • ceruminous glands

    • mammary glands

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pore of sweat gland duct

small opening on the surface of the skin where sweat, produced by the sweat gland, is released

<p>small opening on the surface of the skin where sweat, produced by the sweat gland, is released</p>
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sudoriferous glands

  • sweat glands:

    • eccrine (merocrine)

    • apocrine

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eccrine (merocrine) sweat gland

  • hypotonic sweat

  • thermoregulation

  • all over skins surface

  • water, salt, antibodies, metabolic waste, dermicidin

<ul><li><p>hypotonic sweat</p></li><li><p>thermoregulation</p></li><li><p>all over skins surface</p></li><li><p>water, salt, antibodies, metabolic waste, dermicidin</p></li></ul><p></p>
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apocrine sweat gland

  • hair follicles in axillary and genital regions

  • water, salts, organic compounds

  • waxy sweat

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<p>sebaceous gland</p>

sebaceous gland

  • oil gland found in the dermis

    • sebum (oil on skin)

    • lubrication of skin and hair

    • antibacterial properties (sweat and oil are antimicrobial)

    • water retention

    • keeps skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked

    • lanolin - sheep sebum

<ul><li><p>oil gland found in the dermis</p><ul><li><p>sebum (oil on skin)</p></li><li><p>lubrication of skin and hair</p></li><li><p>antibacterial properties (sweat and oil are antimicrobial) </p></li><li><p>water retention</p></li><li><p>keeps skin and hair from becoming dry, brittle, and cracked</p></li><li><p>lanolin - sheep sebum</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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sebum

oily substance that is secreted from sebaceous glands that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair

<p>oily substance that is secreted from sebaceous glands that is composed of a mixture of lipids that lubricates the skin and hair</p>
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ceruminous glands

  • simple, coiled, tubular glands in external ear canal

  • this secretion combines with sebum and dead epithelial cells to form earwax (cerumen)

    • keeps eardrum pliable

    • waterproofs the canal

    • kills bacteria

    • makes guard hairs of ear sticky to help block foreign particles from entering auditory canal

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mammary glands

milk-producing glands located in the breasts

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nails

  • form from thickened epidermal cells nestled into the dermis forming a nail field

  • FUNCTION: protection and back-support for picking up small objects

<ul><li><p>form from thickened epidermal cells nestled into the dermis forming a nail field</p></li><li><p>FUNCTION: protection and back-support for picking up small objects</p></li></ul><p></p>
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accessory structures of the nails

  • free edge

  • nail

  • lateral nail fold

  • lunula

  • eponychium

  • proximal nail fold

<ul><li><p>free edge</p></li><li><p>nail</p></li><li><p>lateral nail fold</p></li><li><p>lunula</p></li><li><p>eponychium</p></li><li><p>proximal nail fold</p></li></ul><p></p>
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free edge

the hard, white part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip

<p>the hard, white part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip</p>
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nail body (nail)

main keratinous plate that forms the nail

<p>main keratinous plate that forms the nail</p>
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nail fold

  • fold of the epithelium that extends over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place

  • lateral nail fold overlaps the nail of the sides, helping to anchor the nail body

  • proximal nail fold at the end of the nail body form the nail cuticle

<ul><li><p>fold of the epithelium that extends over the sides of the nail body, holding it in place</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>lateral nail fold overlaps the nail of the sides, helping to anchor the nail body</p></li><li><p>proximal nail fold at the end of the nail body form the nail cuticle</p></li></ul><p></p>
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lunula

basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium

<p>basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-shaped layer of thick epithelium</p>
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eponychium

nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle

<p>nail fold that meets the proximal end of the nail body, also called the cuticle</p>
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nail bed

layer of epidermis upon which the nail body forms

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nail root

part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows

<p>part of the nail that is lodged deep in the epidermis from which the nail grows</p>
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hyponychium

thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail

<p>thickened layer of stratum corneum that lies below the free edge of the nail</p>