EM- Changes and Crimes

EM- Changes and Crimes

what are the six main changes from medieval to early modern

• population growth

• economic changes

• printing press

• religious changes

• political change

• landowners attitudes

how has population growth caused changes

• increase in population made it harder to find jobs

• more people became vagabonds begging on the streets which was a crime, and rise in stealing

• harsher punishments and more law enforcement

what economic changes have happened and what have they caused

• England becoming wealthier but majority remained poor, meaning that they struggled with price inflation so increased reports of stealing

• more stealing

• more severe punishments and wider, more organised law enforcement

• hard to maintain control

• old systems e.g. hue and cry not good enough anymore

how has printing press caused change

• as number printed rose, so did demand for tales of crime

• more people wanted stories so newspapers and people in power may have faked crimes and punish them for news stoory

• deterrent- more people would hear their crimes

• could be inspired to commit crime

what religious changes have there been and what has this change caused

• Henry VIII created church of England, followed by upheaval as country switched between Protestant and Catholic increased belief of rvil

• more rioting and disrespect towards monarch depending on religious view

• monarch goes against the church, meaning population doubts the church and monarch

• removal of churches influence over crime and punishment

what political change has there been and how has it caused other changes

• English Civil War parliament defeated and executed the king; created the idea of a world turned upside down and sparked insecurity and fear

• parliament rising in power; will have more influence over crime and punishment and say how it works and runs

• more people worried and so may turn to crime

how have landowners attitudes changed and what changes did this cause

• landowners wealth and influence increased so they encouraged laws that defended their rights

• leads to an unfair and unbalanced system where landowners are better off; may anger poor and working class leading to outrage and more crime

• divide in society between rich and poor

CRIME- continuity

• petty theft still accounts for highest proportion of committed crimes

• lots of violent crime

• crimes against authority still seen as most serious

CRIME- what percent of crimes in 1600 were violent

15%

CRIME- six new/changed crimes in early modern

• heresy

• vagabondage/vagrants

• poaching

• Cromwell’s laws

• smuggling

• witchcraft

HERESY- what is it

the crime of holding a set of religious beliefs that were different to those of the established religion at the time

HERESY- how was it continuity

• also a crime during medieval period

• punishment was the same

HERESY- what other crime was it linked to and why

• treason due to religious changes; different religion meant against the king as well as church because the king was the head of the church

HERESY- when was the reformation and who started it

1517- Luther who protested against corruption of catholic church

HERESY- changes to religion after the reformation in England

• Henry VIII changed religion of England from Catholic to Protestant to marry Anne Boleyn

• monarchs after Henry VIII other than Mary all protestant

• monarch now head of church so if you challenged the rulers authority and didn’t follow religion, you were guilty of treason

HERESY- how was this new religion enforced; did it take long and where was it hardest to change opinions

• took longer for people to accept new laws and religion

• had to be enforced to gain acceptance

• hardest to change opinions in the catholic north

HERESY- what monarch killed the most for this crime

Mary I

HERESY- how many heretics were killed during Tudor period

371

HERESY- punishment

• burnt at stake

• recantation

HERESY- what was the intention of burning at the stake as a punishment

• purify corrupt soul

• deter others

HERESY- what is recantation

• publicly stating that they had changed their beliefs

• participate in public display that involved carrying wooden sticks to the place where their burning would’ve taken place

• sticks burnt symbolically to show that their soul has been purified

HERESY- result of this crime on religious views

• damage to authority= after Henry, monarchs kept changing religion, leaving population angry and distrusting of monarch

• church= during black death religious people still died even if honourable so loss of faith

• parliament= voted by people instead of monarch chosen by God who didn’t serve them during the black death

VAGABONDAGE- what was a vagabond

homeless people without jobs who roamed the country begging for money/ jobs, perhaps stealing or committing other crimes to survive

VAGABONDAGE- what type of crime

• person= vagrants could commit small crimes against people

• property= they would steal to get by

• authority= vagrants go against society structure so rich see them as a threat

VAGABONDAGE- attitudes towards it and why

• negative as the papers displayed them as high in numbers and a danger to all through pictures and text

• committed crimes against people and these people didn’t like this

• laws made to hep stop them so puts them in negative view as parliament against them

VAGABONDAGE- punishment

• if without work for three days they would be branded with V and put to work as a slave for two years

• whipping

• burning ear

• using hot iron

VAGABONDAGE- causes for increase of this crime

• growing population

• bad harvests and low wages

VAGABONDAGE- why did growing population cause more

• not enough employment for everyone as more people so growing numbers had to leave their town/village to find employment

• more people without jobs so more vagrants

VAGABONDAGE- when were bad harvests

1570s

VAGABONDAGE- how many known vagabonds were there in London by 1600

555

VAGABONDAGE- factors for change of hatred towards vagabonds

• printing press (tech/media)

• growing population

• government

VAGABONDAGE- how did tech/media cause this change

• printed pamphlets about vagrants which reflected attitudes of wealthier people which showed categories of vagrants

• contained written text and images so all of society could understand them

• many exaggerated stories to increase fear

VAGABONDAGE- how was growing pop a factor for change

• more people, more vagabonds

• less jobs due to too many people

VAGABONDAGE- how was gov a factor for change

• fearful of vagabonds so enforced laws on how to deal with them

• made the laws to enforce this

• laws made the people see it as worse as the crimes were so severe for it; made people look down on vagabonds more

VAGABONDAGE- three laws put in place about it

• Vagrancy Act

• Act for the Relief of the Poor

• Poor Laws

VAGABONDAGE- when was Vagrancy Act

1547

VAGABONDAGE- what did the Vagrancy Act do

if without work for more than three days then branded with V and sold as slave for two years

VAGABONDAGE- when was Act for the Relief of the Poor

1597

VAGABONDAGE- what did the Act for the Relief of the Poor do

harsh punishments for vagrants to act as deterrent

VAGABONDAGE- when were Poor Laws

1601

VAGABONDAGE- what did the poor laws do

• aimed to make dealing with vagrants more consistent

• parishes had to provide poor relief (money) to anybody not physically able to work (deserving poor); undeserved punished severely

POACHING- how available was land before these laws

• large areas of land used to be available to poor to gather food

POACHING- what did landlords then do to this land

• enclosed it for their own use and profit

• grazed sheep

• land for homes

POACHING- name of law for poaching

Game Act

POACHING- when was the Game Act

1671

POACHING- what did the Game Act do

made hunting or fishing on enclosed land illegal

POACHING- what type of crime was it and why

• upper class saw it as crime against authority as it was going against their wealth and status

• regular people saw it as a social crime and still did it anyways as they saw it as unfair

POACHING- consequences of this crime and was it hard to enforce

• caused many people to leave villages and search for work in towns due to lack of farmland and need for more money as cannot hunt for food now

• hard to stamp out poaching due to its status as social crime

• men got together in gangs

POACHING- continuity

• William I’s Forest Laws did the same thing with banning poaching

• same as then but in a different way

POACHING- change

• power of king changed

• during medieval, Forest Laws put in place by the King who had power over crime and punishment and made and enforced the laws

• now Game Act is the same thing but put in place by parliament showing shift in power and control from king and church to parliament

CROMWELL’S LAWS- when were they

1650s

CROMWELL’S LAWS- what activities did he ban

• gathering to do sports

• gathering for celebrations including food and alcohol

• feasting and games at Christmas banned

CROMWELL’S LAWS- why did Cromwell put these laws in place

he’s a puritan and these laws match his religious beliefs

CROMWELL’S LAWS- change

• religious change due to Cromwell becoming protector but were reversed under Charles so goes back to continuity

CROMWELL’S LAWS- factors for this change

• role of gov- Cromwell came into power and by being a protestant had many different views which led him to ban these things

• role of religion- he was a protestant and these beliefs made him ban these things which went against his beliefs

SMUGGLING- what caused it to become a crime

• gov introduced import tax on goods including alcohol and tea

• this price was high so people turned to smuggling so they would have to pay less

SMUGGLING- when were these taxes introduced

17th century

SMUGGLING- what type of crime and why

• crime against property- money not going to gov

• crime against authority- going against the gov to do this

• social crime- many people benefited from it so hard to enforce

SMUGGLING- change

• previously no import duties so people could always transport goods legally

• this new introduction gave people option of smuggling so new crime caused by gov

SMUGGLING- factors for change

• economic changes= gov wanted more money so import tax introduced so people had to pay to transport goods to instead turned to smuggling

• pop growth= more people so more goods being imported and more people buying and selling things and gov saw this as opportunity to make profit

• role of gov= gov passed the import tax

WITCHCRAFT- what did most people believe about witches

witches could harm people so therefore should be punished

WITCHCRAFT- how did punishment for it change

• law passed that meant witchcraft could be punished in ordinary courts not more lenient church courts

• therefore punishment got harsher

WITCHCRAFT- changes

• previously witchcraft wasn’t a thing and therefore not seen as a crime

• new ideologies emerged that witches were real and dangerous and therefore made a crime

• new crime