Chapter 33: Protostomes study guide

This set of flashcards covers key definitions and concepts related to protostomes from Chapter 33, aiding in studying important terminology and their examples.

What is a cuticle in the context of protostomes?

A cuticle is a tough protective layer that covers the body surface, often made of chitin, found in various protostome groups.

What is a lophophore?

A lophophore is a crown of ciliated tentacles used for feeding and gas exchange, typically found in lophophorate animals.

What is a trochophore?

A trochophore is a free-swimming larval form characterized by a band of cilia that is common in several protostome phyla.

What is a muscular pharynx?

A muscular pharynx is a structure that aids in the ingestion of food through muscular contractions.

What is an intestine?

An intestine is a tube-like organ where digestion and absorption of nutrients occur.

What are flame cells?

Flame cells are specialized excretory cells found in certain flatworms that help in osmoregulation.

What is the function of the brain in protostomes?

The brain coordinates sensory information and motor functions, serving as the central nervous system's command center.

What is a neuron?

A neuron is a nerve cell responsible for transmitting impulses throughout the nervous system.

What are auricles?

Auricles are structures that often serve as sensory organs in some protostomes, helping to detect chemical cues in the environment.

What are ocelli?

Ocelli are simple eyespots that can detect light but do not form images.

What are statocysts?

Statocysts are sensory organs that help in balance and orientation within aquatic environments.

What are rheoreceptors?

Rheoreceptors are sensory structures that detect the direction and strength of water currents.

What does monoecious mean?

Monoecious refers to a species that has both male and female reproductive organs, allowing for self-fertilization.

What is Digenea?

Digenea is a class of parasitic flatworms, often with complex life cycles involving multiple hosts.

What is an intermediate host?

An intermediate host is an organism that harbors the immature stages of a parasite.

What is a definitive host?

A definitive host is the organism in which a parasite reaches maturity and, if applicable, reproduces.

What is a mantle in mollusks?

The mantle is a significant body part in mollusks that secretes the shell and covers the internal organs.

What is a veliger?

A veliger is a larval stage of some mollusks with a distinct foot and ciliated mantle.

What are suspension feeders?

Suspension feeders are organisms that feed by filtering suspended particles from the water.

What are valves in bivalves?

Valves are the two hinged shell halves that provide protection to bivalves.

What are adductor muscles?

Adductor muscles are responsible for opening and closing the valves of bivalves.

What is an umbo?

An umbo is the raised area on the shell of a bivalve, often the oldest part of the shell.

What are chromatophores?

Chromatophores are pigment-containing cells that allow for color change in certain animals.

What are iridophores?

Iridophores are cells that reflect light and are responsible for iridescent colors.

What are leucophores?

Leucophores are cells that reflect white light and can help in color blending with the environment.

What are tagmata?

Tagmata are specialized regions of the body in arthropods, such as the head, thorax, and abdomen.

What is oviparity?

Oviparity is a mode of reproduction where eggs are laid outside the female's body.

What is viviparity?

Viviparity is a mode of reproduction where live young are born from the female.

What is ovoviviparity?

Ovoviviparity is a mode of reproduction where eggs hatch inside the mother, and live young are born.

What is metamorphosis?

Metamorphosis is a developmental process where an organism undergoes a transformation from larval to adult form.

What is parthenogenesis?

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction where an egg develops into a new individual without fertilization.

What are Malpighian tubules?

Malpighian tubules are excretory structures in arthropods that help in osmoregulation.

What are chelicerae?

Chelicerae are the mouthparts of arachnids used for feeding.

What are pedipalps?

Pedipalps are appendages in arachnids used for sensory perception or reproduction.

What are book lungs?

Book lungs are respiratory structures in arachnids that consist of stacked plates.

What are tracheae?

Tracheae are air-filled tubes that transport oxygen directly to tissues in many arthropods.

What are spiracles?

Spiracles are external openings through which air enters the tracheal system in some arthropods.

What are silk glands?

Silk glands are specialized glands in some arthropods that produce silk for weaving webs or cocoons.

What are spinnerets?

Spinnerets are structures used by spiders to produce silk threads.

What are antennae?

Antennae are sensory appendages found on the heads of many arthropods, used for sensing the environment.

What are mandibles?

Mandibles are mouthparts in arthropods used for biting and chewing food.

What are maxillae?

Maxillae are paired appendages in arthropods that assist in handling food.

What is ecdysis?

Ecdysis is the process of molting in arthropods, allowing them to grow.

What is a nauplius?

A nauplius is a free-swimming larval stage of crustaceans, characterized by a single median eye and antennae.