Chapter 1-2: The Starting Frequency and Seismic Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts from Chapter 1 (Starting Frequency, frequency, wavelength, speed, and wave behavior) and Chapter 2 (seismic waves and their role in earthquakes).

Starting Frequency

The initial frequency of a wave used as a reference point for comparisons with later frequencies or changes in the wave.

Frequency

The number of oscillations (or cycles) per unit time; changing frequency can affect wavelength for a given wave speed.

Wavelength

The distance between successive identical points on a wave (such as adjacent crests or compressions).

Wave Speed

The rate at which a wave propagates through a medium; depends on the type of wave and the medium.

Relationship v = f × λ

For many waves, the speed equals frequency times wavelength; a fixed speed links frequency and wavelength inversely.

Propagation Direction

The direction in which a wave travels through a medium.

Longitudinal Wave

A wave in which particle displacement is parallel to the direction of travel; includes compressions and rarefactions.

Compression

A region in a longitudinal wave where particles are pressed together as the wave passes.

Particle Displacement

The small, local movement of individual particles as a wave passes; energy can move through a medium with little net particle motion.

Medium

The substance through which a wave travels (solid, liquid, or gas); examples include a tabletop, air, water, or Earth’s crust in earthquakes.

Seismic Waves

Waves produced by earthquakes that propagate through Earth’s materials and contribute to ground motion and potential destruction.