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bacteriophage
a virus that only infects bacteria
mycophage
a virus that only infects fungi
size of viruses
5 nm to 300 nm
virion
a complete infectious viral particle
helical virus
nucleic acid surrounded by a hollow protein cylinder
polyhedral virus
nucleic acid surrounded by many-sided shell
enveloped viruses
nucleic acid surrounded by either a helical or polyhedral core and covered by an envelope
binal (complex) viruses
Neither helical nor polyhedral forms, are pleomorphic (irregular shaped)
family names
end in -viridae
genus name
end in -virus
PFU (plaque forming units)
Measure of # of viruses that are capable of lysing host cells and forming a plaque
primary cell line
from tissue slices
diploid cell line
from human embryonic tissue
continuous cell line
semi-transformed
lytic bacteriophage
lyse the host bacteria cells as a normal part of their cycle
lysogenic (Temperate phages)
either lytic or incorporate DNA into host cell (prophage)
prophage
incorporation of phage DNA into bacterium genome
phage conversion
host cell has new properties
specialized transduction
virus TAKES some of the host cell DNA, changes properties of the bacteria
spontaneous induction
“self-restarting” the lytic cycle
early stage of viral replication
viral genome is replicated
late stage of viral replication
viral structural proteins and enzymes are replicated
[BLANK] of animal viruses are produced from a single infected host cell
10,000 to 50,000
Positive strand RNA virus
directly translated by host cell’s ribosome into viral proteins
Negative strand RNA virus
transcribed into positive-strand RNA by viral enzyme, then translated into viral proteins by the host’s ribosome
retroviruses
transcribed into dsDNA by reverse transcriptase (viral enzyme)
provirus
a viral genome that has been integrated into the DNA of a host cell
DNA viruses
have both + and - strands, transcribed into viral mRNA by host enzymes first
latent infections
an infection that does not immediately produce detectable symptoms
acute infections
short duration with rapid recovery
persistent (chronic) virus infections
viruses are continually present in the body and can be detected, the disease may or may not be present
proto-oncogene
promotes proliferation (rapid reproduction of cells)
supressor genes
stops growth
sarcoma
cancer of connective tissue
adenocarcinomas
cancers of glandular epithelial tissue
viroids
short pieces of naked RNA
virusoids
viroids enclosed in a protein coat
prions
infectious protein particles - inherited/transmissible by ingestion, transplant, and surgical instruments
PrP^C
normal cellular prion glycoprotein on cell surface
PrP^Sc
scrapie protein, accumulates in brain cells forming plaques
