CNA Unit 5-7 Review

Infection

disease state that comes from microbes in body

It’s the health teams’ job to

prevent infections, NOT cure

Chain of Infection

1. source - pathogen

2. Reservoir - where it grows and multiplies

3. Portal of Exit - leaves reservoir

4. Method of transmission - vehicle transmits microbes

5. Portal of entry

6. Susceptible host

Chain of infection can be broken

by aseptic practices

Asespis

free of disease - producing microbes

Medical Asepsis (clean technique)

removes only pathogens and prevents it transferring from one place to another

Surgical Asepsis (sterile technique)

removes all pathogens and non-pathogens and spores

Nosomial (HAI)

Healthcare-associated infection

direct contact

with hands

indirect contact

contamination from contact with another object

droplets

coughing, sneezing, talking

airborne

pathogens spread out in small particles

Vehicle spread

contaminated food, water, or blood (in this case, blood-borne pathogen)

standard precautions

precautions used for all residents with all types of care to prevent transmission of blood-borne pathogens

washing hands (before and after) and gloves

sources of infections

• body fluids

• blood

• skin

• mucous membrane

Donning process

1. gown

2. mask

3. goggles

4. gloves

Doffing process

1. gloves

2. gown

3. goggles

4. mask

sterile

absence of microbes

Ergonomics

science of designing a job to fit worker and prevent musculo-skeletal disorder (MSD)

Risk factors for MSD

• force

• repeating action

• bad posture

• heavy lifting

worsened in workplace

Comfort measures for lifting and moving resident

• use pillows or cushions to protect bony prominence

• inform what you’re doing and why

• allow resident to be in control as appropriate

Resident should be repositioned

every 2 hours; follow care plan or nurse

chair position

• flat feet

• back knees and calves are away from edge of seat

• upper body erect

Pressure points

• lower back *

• hip *

• greater trochanter *

• inner knee *

• heel *

• elbows

• calves

Pressure Ulcer (bed soles, decubulus ulcer)

skin that breaks when material keeps pressing on skin

Ulcer Stages Development

1. red skin and tingling

2. blister

3. skin peels

4. damages tendons or bones

supine position (body)

prone position (body)

lateral position (body)

Sim’s position (body)

Semi-fowler’s position (bed)

Fowler’s position

High Fowler’s position

Instead of preventing a fall

• ease resident to the floor

• protect their head

• keep own back straight

how do odors occur?

wounds, bowel movements, body, vomit, etc.

How to prevent odors?

• giving them good hygiene in the first place

• double bagging

• change of undergarments or clothes