ryan pediatric (part one)

0-12 months

what is the age range for infancy?

1-4 years

what is the age range for early childhood?

5-10 years

what is the age range for middle childhood?

11-20 years

what is the age range for adolescence?

weight triples and height is increased by 50%

what happens to weight and height by one year of life?

sits, rolls and bears weight on legs

what are milestones of physical development by 6 months?

walks

what are milestones of physical development by 12 months?

babbles and laughs out loud

what are milestones of cognition by 3-4 months?

monosyllables

what are milestones of cognition by 6-12 months?

few words, points

what are milestones of cognition by 12 months?

12+ words

what are milestones of cognition by 15 months?

5-6 weeks

at what age does an infant smile socially?

holds head up, fixes/follows, responds to sounds, smiles, regards face

what are some milestones of a 1 month old infant?

lifts head while prone, lifts chest, fists no longer clenched, recognizes parents, squeals

what are some milestones of a 2 month old infant?

anticipates feeding, supports on forearms, reaches for familiar people, grasps rattle

what are some milestones of a 3 months old infant?

rolls over, reaches with both arms, laughs, supports on wrists, grasps objects, brings to mouth

what are some milestones of a 4-5 months old infant?

sits unsupported, puts feet in mouth in supine position, recognizes someone that is a stranger

what are some milestones of a 6 months old infant?

slows to 1/2 that of infancy

what happens to growth during early childhood (1-4 years)?

runs, scribbles at 2

what are physical development milestones for 18 months-2 years?

3 years

at what age can a child peddle a tricycle?

4 years

at what age can a child draw/copy circles?

independent, tantrums, says no

describe social/emotional behavior in early childhood (1-4 years)

throws

what are physical development milestone(s) of 2 year old?

skips, balances well

what are physical development milestone(s) of 5 year old?

2-3 words

what is the normal cognitive/language of 1 year old?

2-3 word phrases

what is the normal cognitive/language of 2 year old?

sentences

what is the normal cognitive/language of 3 year old?

4 years (s)

at what age is speech all understandable normally?

5 years

at what age can a child normally copy figures and define words?

plays games (peek-a-boo)

what is social/emotional development of 1 year old?

imitates activities

what is social/emotional development of 2 year old?

feeds self

what is social/emotional development of 3 year old?

imaginative, sings

what is social/emotional development of 4 year old?

dresses self, plays games

what is social/emotional development of 5 year old?

growth is slower, increase in strength

describe the physical development during middle childhood (5-10 years)

logical thinkers, increase in learning and language, right vs wrong

describe cognition during middle childhood (5-10 years)

esteem, maturing values

describe social/emotional during middle childhood (5-10 years)

puberty

describe physical development of early adolescence (11-14 yo)

focus on the present

describe cognition of early adolescence (11-14 yo)

esteem, privacy is important, knowledge of immediate consequences

describe social/emotional of early adolescence (11-14 yo)

females settle into puberty, males awkwardness

describe physical development in middle adolescence (15-16 years)

ideas and problem solving

describe cognition of middle adolescence (15-16 years)

peer pressure, ambivalence with family

describe social/emotional of middle adolescence (15-16 years)

10

what is the best possible total APGAR score?

pale or blue

what is a APGAR score of 0 for color?

normal color body but blue extremities

what is a APGAR score of 1 for color?

normal color

what is a APGAR score of 2 for color?

absent heartbeat

what is a APGAR score of 0 for heart rate?

slow heartbeat, less than 100 beats per minute

what is a APGAR score of 1 for heart rate?

adequate heartbeat, more than 100 beats per minute

what is a APGAR score of 2 for heart rate?

no response

what is a APGAR score of 0 for grimace (response to stimuli)?

grimace

what is a APGAR score of 1 for grimace (response to stimuli)?

vigorous cry or withdrawal

what is a APGAR score of 2 for grimace (response to stimuli)?

limp, flaccid

what is a APGAR score of 0 for activity (muscle tone)?

some flexing or bending

what is a APGAR score of 1 for activity (muscle tone)?

active motion

what is a APGAR score of 2 for activity (muscle tone)?

not breathing

what is a APGAR score of 0 for respiratory (effort)?

weak cry, irregular breathing

what is a APGAR score of 1 for respiratory (effort)?

strong cry

what is a APGAR score of 2 for respiratory (effort)?

8-10

for APGAR scores at 1 and 5 mins, what is the range for normal?

some decreased CNS functions

what does a APGAR score of 5-7 at 1 minute indicate?

severe CNS dysfunction, immediate resuscitation

what does a APGAR score of 0-4 at 1 minute indicate?

high risk of CNS and other organ system dysfunction

what does a APGAR score of 0-7 at 5 minute indicate?

1 minute and 5 minutes

at what times should APGAR scores be taken?

< 37 weeks

what is a preterm gestational age?

34-36

what is a late-term gestational age?

37-41 wks

what is a term gestational age?

>42 wks

what is a post-term gestational age?

600g

at 32 weeks, what is small for gestational age (SGA)?

1,400g

at 32 weeks, what weight is appropriate for gestational age (AGA)?

2,750g

at 32 weeks, what is large for gestational age (LGA)?

what is an extremely low weight for infants?

what is an very low weight for infants?

what is an low weight for infants?

>2,500g

what is a normal weight for infants?

ears and throat

what exams should you save for last when doing a peds PE?

decreases

what normally happens to heart rate and respiratory rate with age?

2 years of age (earlier if indicated)

when should BP be taken?

Ballard scoring system

what is a method used to estimate a newborn's gestational age, based on physical and neuromuscular characteristics?

gradually increases

what happens to systolic BP throughout childhood?

70 mmHg

what is normal systolic pressure at birth?

85 mmHg

what is normal systolic pressure at 1 month?

90 mmHg

what is normal systolic pressure at 6 months?

pulse

in children, what is more sensitive to the effects of illness, exercise, and emotion than that of adults?

140 bpm

what is the average pulse rate for birth-1 month?

130 bpm

what is the average pulse rate for 1-6mo?

115 bpm

what is the average pulse rate for 6-12mo?

respiratory rate

what has a greater range and is more responsive to illness, exercise, and emotion that that of adults and older children?

30-68 (per min)

what is respiratory rate range for newborns?

25-60 (per min)

what is respiratory rate range for infants 6-12mo?

rectal (most) and auditory canal temps

what temps are most accurate for infants?

axillary and thermal-tape skin temps

what temp recordings in infants and children are inaccurate?

serious infection or disease and is an emergency

fever (>38C or 100.4F) in infants younger than age 2 to 3 mo may be a sign of...

extreme mottling of the trunk and extremities

what is Cutis marmorata?

premies, hypothyroidism, downs

what is Cutis marmorata seen in?

vasomotor changes

what is Cutis marmorata due to?

marked erythematic changes of 1/2 of the body

what is Harlequin dyschromia?

acrocyanosis

what is the condition involving blueish tint of palms and soles?

congenital heart disease

acrocyanosis can be benign or an indicator of what?

melanotic pigmentation that occurs in pts of color, fades with time (likely to be confused as an area of ecchymosis)

what are mongolian spots?