BIOL 1161 Lab Exam 1

Epithelial Tissues

line inside and outside of cavities

Simple epithelia

single layer of cells

Simple squamous

flat, scale-like cells; outer layer of duodenum, visceral and parietal peritoneum, alveoli of lungs, Bowman’s capsule, endothelium of capillary walls.

Simple columnar

long, column-shaped cells, some produce mucous (from goblet cells found within them); inner layer of duodenum, line digestive tracts

Simple cuboidal

cube shaped cells with large nuclei; inner layer of nephric tubules of kidney and thyroid gland

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

one layer of elongated cells; inner layer of trachea

Stratified epithelia

more than one layer of cells

stratified squamous keratinized (cornified)

epidermis; has a dead, flaky, flattened, cornified layer of cells called the stratum corneum

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized (noncornified)

vagina, mouth and esophagus; no dead layer present

stratified cuboidal

sweat gland ducts, pharynx, part of epiglottis

Connective tissues

contain nonliving components- matrix or ground substance, matrix contains fibers of either collagen, elastic, or reticular types

Loos, ordinary, or areolar fibrous

between other tissues and organs; superficial fascia, surrounding blood vessels; watery matrix with numerous collagenous and elastic fibers, cells abundant also

Adipose fibrous (fat)

beneath skin, padding at various points, in breasts, on digestive organs, little matrix, mostly comprised of adipocytes

Recticular fibrous

inner framework (stroma) of spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow; mostly comprised of reticular fibers and reticular cells; plays role in immunity

Dense fibrous (white fibrous or dense regular)

mostly comprised of densely packed collagen fibers with a few fibrocytes among fibers, tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses, they make a flexible, but strong connection

Dense irregular

contains mostly loosely arranged collagen fibers, some elastic fibers, fibrocytes; deep fascia, dermis, scars, capsule of kidney

Bone (skeletal; yields support and protections and serves as a calcium reservoir)

calcified matrix, many collagen fibers, comprised of osteons (each consisting of an haversian canal, lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and osteocytes.)

Hyaline cartilage

firm matrix with few collagen fibers, lacunae occupied by chondrocytes (four contiguous chondrocytes= one locule), most abundant cartilage; tracheal rings, costal cartilages, articular surfaces of bones, larynx, part of nasal septum and bronchi

Elastic cartilage

many elastic fibers in matrix, lacunae with chondrocytes; pinnae, epiglottis, eustachian tube

Fibrocartilage

firm matrix, many collagen fibers, lacunae with chondrocytes; intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis

Blood

consists of a liquid matrix (plasma) and formed elements (erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets)

Smooth muscle

tapered or spindle-shaped cells arranged in sheet-like layers; circular and longitudinal bands in duodenum, abundant in hollow organ walls, uninucleate, non-striated

Cardiac muscle

branching cells, striated, uninucleate (or rarely, binucleate), intercalated discs, occurs only in heart

Skeletal muscle

multinucleate fibers, nuclei on surface of fibers, fibers consists of myofibrils, striated, attached to bones

Neurons

large cells with axon(s), dendrites, and cell bodies (perikaryon or soma)

Neuroglia (aka “glial” cells or “glia)

small supporting cells associated with neurons

Special tissues (liver)

hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, glycogen, glucose, carbon particles, inclusions

Special tissues (Pancreas)

acinar cells (pancreatic acini) and islets of Langerhans pancreatic enzymes, insulin, glucagon

Special tissues (Thyroid)

another place where simple cuboidal epithelium is found; lumen, iodine

Special tissues (ovary)

Graafian follicles, corpora lutea

Special tissues (Testis)

Seminiferous tubules, spermatozoa (mature), interstitial cells of Leydig, Steroli cells

Special tissues (lungs)

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium, hyaline cartilage, blood, simple squamous epithelium and others

Organ

any part of the body exercising a specific function, as of respiration, secretion, or digestion, several different tissues grouped together into a structural and functional unit (eg heart)

Stroma

the framework, usually of connective tissue, of an organ, gland, or other structure, as distinguished from the parenchyma or specific substance of the part

Parenchyma

the distinguishing or specific cells of a gland or organ contained in and supported by the connective tissue framework, or stroma

Matrix

the intercellular substance of a tissue

Mesenchyme

an aggregation of mesenchymal or fibroblast like cells, primordial embryonic connective tissue consisting of mesenchymal cells, usually stellate in form, supported in interlinear jelly

Lumen

the space inthe interior of a tubular structure, such as an artery or the intestine

Sertoli Cells

elongated cells in the seminiferous tubules that ensheathe spermatids, providing a microenvironment that spermiogenesis; they secrete androgen-binding protein and establish the blood-testis barrier by forming junctions with adjacent Sertoli cells (synonymous with nurse Celle)

Kidney (outer layer)

the kidney has an extra outer layer called the renal cortex

Cuboidal

Looks more circular in 3d

Kidney regions

Cortex- Bowman’s capsule and glomeruli

Medulla- missing Bowman’s capsule and glomeruli