geography final

A.a radical change in the land

Which of the following is the major characteristic of a transition zone?

C.Islamic

Which of the following cultures is dominant in North Africa?

D.shore

What is the meaning of the Arabic word Sahel?

C.steppe

Which of the following best describes the Sahel?

B.Annual precipitation is decreasing.

Why are some water resources in the African Transition Zone shrinking?

C.It supports fisheries.

Which of the following is an example of a benefit of Lake Volta?

B.a delta.

An area where a river, such as the Niger River, slows down and spreads out into smaller channels is

C.because it is dry

In western Africa, why is the harmattan sometimes considered invigorating?

A.rain

Which of the following has the biggest effect on determining climate, and therefore vegetation, in the TransitionZone?

B.There are few natural resources.

Why are farming and nomadic herding traditional economies of the Transition Zone?

B.the fertile Nile Valley

What gave rise to Egyptian civilization?

D.Northern Africa became hotter and drier.

Why did people in farming communities in northern Africa begin moving south around 2000 B.C.?

A.animals that are tame

What are domesticated animals?

B.trade.

The Mali Empire prospered due to

D.an animist culture.

A culture that believes that elements of nature have spirits is

B.cultural differences

What is the main source of conflict between and within countries in the Transition Zone?

B.Only a small part of the land is usable for agriculture.

Which of the following is the main reason that population in the Transition Zone is not evenly distributed between herders, farmers, nomads, and city dwellers?

C.subsistence farming

Which of the following ways of life in the Transition Zone has existed the longest?

D.lack of sanitation.

A key factor in the high mortality rates and number of infectious diseases in the Transition Zone is

B.rural areas

In which of the following parts of the Transition Zone are you most likely to find patriarchal families?

C.It has decreased.

Which of the following describes average annual rainfall in the Sahel over the last century?

D.destruction of land in arid and semi-arid climates

What is desertification?

B.lack of water

Which of the following is one of the main causes of desertification?

C.overgrazing.

Too many animals feeding too long in one area causes

A.improved agricultural practices

Which of the following human activities has NOT worsened desertification?

D.food insecurity

What has desertification led to for many of the people of the Transition Zone?

C.farmers

Which of the following groups is most impacted by desertification?

B.improving land use practices

Which of the following has the best possibility of repairing some of the damage done by desertification?

A.the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel

Which of the following groups is made up of countries in the Transition Zone working to improve food security and living conditions?

D.modified planting pits

With which of the following methods have local people had success in improving soil fertility and production?

B.shifting tectonic plates

What causes a rift valley, such as the Great Rift Valley, to form?

D.escarpments.

The plateaus of East Africa are surrounded by steep cliffs, or

A.cataracts.

Rivers that plunge over escarpments create large waterfalls known as

B.a crack in Earth's crust

What is a fault?

B.It is the second largest freshwater lake in the world.

Why is Lake Victoria considered a "great lake"?

A.to provide ports to the ocean

Which is NOT an example of how East Africans use the many lakes in the region?

C.There is rich soil and good fishing.

Why are the areas around Lake Victoria and Lake Tanganyika heavily populated?

D.the savannah

Which of the following biomes is found in the tropical climate zone in East Africa?

B.humid subtropical

Which of the following climates is found at the highest elevations in East Africa?

A.coffee

Which of the following is a major agricultural export of East Africa?

D.East Africa's location led to trade and interaction between cultures.

Which of the following is a major reason why so many different ethnic groups live in East Africa?

B.native to a place.

The word "indigenous" means

A.One ethnic group forms the majority of the population in a country.

Which of the following is true about populations in East Africa?

C.near water

Where are the greatest population densities found in East Africa?

D.a common language

What is a lingua franca?

B.Christian or Muslim.

The majority of people in East Africa are either

B.They must contribute to their families' incomes.

Why do fewer than 40% of students enroll in secondary school in East Africa?

A.women

Who does most of the farm work in rural communities in East Africa?

B.a situation in which land is repeatedly farmed so that the soil nutrients are depleted.

Overfarming is

D.ecotourism

Which of the following is becoming an increasingly important part of economies in countries with game reserves and conservation areas?

C.at the bottom

Where are most East African countries found on the Human Development Index?

B. war

Which of the following has been a major block to developing sustainable agriculture?

D.People will no longer depend on wood for light and heat.

How will improving access to electricity cut back on deforestation?

B.habitats.

Areas with conditions suitable for certain plants or animals to live are called

A.the number of people an area can support on an ongoing basis

Which of the following is the best description of carrying capacity?

C.illegal hunting.

Poaching is

D.It is very profitable.

Why is it so difficult to combat poaching?

A.to fight erosion

What is the purpose of the fast-growing eucalyptus trees that Rwanda has planted?

C.by creating national parks

How have countries like Uganda and Tanzania addressed deforestation and wildlife preservation in one effort?

B.Ecotourism provides jobs and a source of income.

How has ecotourism encouraged local people to work toward protecting wildlife?

B.the Transition Zone

In which part of Africa is most of West Africa located?

D.lagoons

Which of the following are found in the coastal region of West Africa?

C.Land has been cleared for agriculture and logging.

Why has the number of rainforests in West Africa been greatly reduced?

D.a mountainous plateau

Which of the following best describes the Guinea Highlands?

B.They provide food.

Why are mangrove swamps important to coastal people?

B.reservoir.

An artificial or natural lake where water is stored and used to supply farms, homes, and businesses in the area with fresh water is called a

C.The river drops fertile sediment there.

Why does the river plain of the Senegal River have the best agricultural land?

A.the Niger River

Which river is about 2,600 miles long and is West Africa's main river?

B.warm and humid.

As you move farther south in West Africa, the climate becomes increasingly

B.conflict diamonds.

Diamonds mined in a war zone are called

B.tension between African peoples

Which of the following strengthened colonial rule in Africa?

D.African ethnic groups were mixed together.

What was a consequence of how European nations drew boundaries for their African colonies?

C.conflict between religious groups

What major challenge did African nations face both during colonization and after gaining their independence?

B.decreasing food supplies

Which of the following is one of the issues causing Africans to move to urban areas?

A.waste water systems

Which of the following systems is considered to be part of infrastructure?

D.It puts increased demand on infrastructure.

How does urbanization in Africa affect infrastructure?

B.because of the influence of colonial rule

Why is English the official language in Nigeria?

A.oral storytellers, singers, and musicians

What are griots?

C.e-commerce

What helps Africans sell locally made products globally?

B.agriculture

What is the main economic activity of more than half the population of West Africa?

B.poor sanitation.

Diseases like cholera and malaria are the result of

C.political corruption

What is one major obstacle to change and economic efficiency in some countries of West Africa?

D.political conflict

What leads to the mismanagement of natural resources?

B.the maximum population of a species an environment can sustain

What is carrying capacity?

A.food insecurity.

Many fear that the mismanagement of resources will lead to

C.solar cooking technology

What is one way people hope to increase the carrying capacity of land in West Africa?

A.erosion.

The wearing away of soil is called

D.dwindling stocks of fish.

The use of chemicals, dynamite, and bottom trawling in fisheries has led to

D.building embankments to control rainwater runoff

Farmers in Burkina Fasso, with the help of OxFam International, have reclaimed land from desertification by

B.increasing the rate of access to safe water by 50-80 percent

What is one accomplishment of the Global Water Initiative?

C.the Congo Basin

Most of Equatorial Africa is part of what landform?

A.basin.

An area drained by a river and its tributaries is called a

C.fishing

Which of the following economic activities is very important to the African countries that border the Gulf of Guinea?

D.It is a source of food and transportation.

How is Lake Tanganyika most important to Africans?

B.People use the falls to catch fish.

How do the cataracts along the Congo River that form the Boyoma Falls influence the way of life of local people?

D.mountainous

To what type of area does "montane" refer?

A.undergrowth, understorey, canopy, and emergent layer.

The layers of the rain forest in order from bottom to top are:

C.canopy.

The layer of the rain forest in which the trees and leaves reach a maximum height of 150 feet is known as the

D.untapped hydroelectric power potential.

In the region, irregular and unpredictable rainfall results in

A.the rain forest

What is Equatorial Africa's most important natural resource?