Finals Study Guide pt 2

Derealization

is the feeling that the external world is unreal, dreamlike, or distorted.

Depersonalization

is a sense of being detached from oneself, as if watching your thoughts or actions from the outside.

For most cases, eating disorders serve as a _________ mechanism.

as a coping mechanism, especially in how they provide a sense of control particularly for managing stress, negative emotions, or maintaining a sense of control.

Two primary symptoms mark Bulimia. What are they?

 compulsive behaviors related to body image, which aligns with binge eating and compensatory behaviors (purging).(e.g., self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives).

Addiction psychiatrist, Dr. Gabor Mate, encouraged people to ask not “why the addiction?” but, instead, “why the ______?”

“why the pain?” because

His approach emphasizes that addiction is often a response to deep emotional suffering or trauma rather than simply a result of poor choices or moral failing.

Examples of the factors that maintain anorexia…

Sociocultural pressures (thin ideal), biological factors (serotonin abnormalities), and personality traits (perfectionism).

Paraphilic Disorders:

Atypical sexual interests that may cause distress or impairment to individuals or harm to others.

Gender Dysphoria:

Distress stemming from an incongruence between a person's felt gender and assigned gender at birth

Sexual Dysfunction

On average, men orgasm 85% of the time during sex

• On average, women orgasm 46% of the time during sex

• Some studies suggest that 1 in 5 women have never orgasmed in their life.

• On average 20 min for women vs. 5 min for men 

• People w/ Vagina Orgasms

1. 18% orgasm from penetrative, vaginal intercourse

2. 36% orgasm from clitoral stimulation 

3. 53% orgasm from cunnilingus

Tolerance:

A person needs more of the substance to achieve the same effects previously experienced at lower doses.

Physical dependence:

Characterized by withdrawal symptoms when the substance is stopped.

Psychological dependence:

An emotional need for the substance to relieve distress.

Where do substance use problems fall in HiTOP?

within the "Externalizing Spectrum" of HiTOP (Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology), which captures disorders characterized by disinhibition and maladaptive behavior.

Describe the different flavors of narcissism.

Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism

Grandiose narcissism

narcissism is characterized by overt self-importance, entitlement, and dominance,

vulnerable narcissism

is marked by insecurity, hypersensitivity, and defensiveness.

 Describe the ego-syntonicity in OCD and its unconscious motives.

Ego-syntonic symptoms are those that feel consistent with a person's beliefs or self-image. In OCD, ego-syntonicity can manifest as individuals believing their compulsions are justified or necessary. Unconscious motives may include a need for control or the avoidance of anxiety.

There has been a recent movement to re-label personality disorders as ________ disorders.

as interpersonal

Positive Symptoms in psychosis

Hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech/behavior (symptoms that add abnormal experiences).

Negative Symptoms in psychosis

Reduced emotional expression, reduced motivation (symptoms that reflect a loss of normal function).