Inorganic Compounds: Water, Acids, Bases, and Salts

A&P Lecture 5

what is biochemistry?

the chemistry of life

what are the 2 types of compounds?

inorganic and organic

inorganic compounds ___ contain carbon bonded to hydrogen?

do not

organic compounds ___ contain carbon bonded to hydrogen?

do

what do inorganic compounds consist of?

water, acids, bases, and salts

what are the 4 properties of water?

1. absorbs heat

2. carries heat

3. cushions and protects

4. acts as a lubricant

less dense substances ___ float

will

what surrounds the lungs, heart, and abdominal organs to reduce resistance as they move?

serous membranes

what does hydrophilic mean?

“water loving”

why is water a good solvent?

1. many solutes dissolve in it

2. it’s molecular shape and polar covalent bonds

3. “grabs” certain solutes and pulls them apart

4. dissolves hydrophilic solutes

what kind of ends do hydrophilic solutes have?

charged ends that attract oppositely charged ends of water molecules

are ionic compounds hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

hydrophilic

are polar covalent compounds hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

hydrophilic

what kind of solutes do not dissolve in water?

solutes lacking charged ends

what does hydrophobic mean?

“water hating”

oils and fats are examples of ___ molecules

uncharged non-polar covalent

a water molecule may dissociate to form a ___ and a ___

hydrogen ion (H+) and hydroxide ion (OH-)

an acid is a hydrogen ion ___

donor

a base is a hydrogen ion ___

acceptor

bicarbonate is a hydrogen ___ and acts as a ___

acceptor, base

what does pH scale represent?

H+ in a solution

each pH unit equals to a __-fold change in hydrogen ion concentration

10

more H+ in a solution will ___ the pH

lower

fewer H+ in a solution will ___ the pH

raise

are there more base ions in a lower or higher pH?

higher

when H+ = base ions the pH is ___

7

what are buffers?

chemical systems that prevent large changes in pH

what is alkalosis?

when the blood pH is higher than 7.45

what is acidosis?

when the blood pH is lower than 7.35

what are salts?

any metal cation and non-metal anion held together by ionic bonds

what salt is a major component of bones and teeth?

[Ca3(PO)4]2 salts

what are electrolytes?

ions formed from dissociation in solution

what are the electrolytes required for muscles to contract and for nerve function?

Na+ and K+

what is one of the major buffers in the body?

the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

H2CO3 ←→ H+ + HCO3-

the study of acids and bases is a study of hydrogen ion (H+), true or false?

true

when certain hydrogen containing compounds are placed in water, the hydrogen switches and acts like a metal and donates electrons to produce a hydrogen ion, true or false?

true

an acid is a hydrogen ion donor, true or false?

true

the log (H+) is a negative logarithm of the solution’s hydrogen ion concentration. does ammonia or vinegar have the highest H+ concentration?

vinegar

on the pH scale which of the following solutions is at the top of the scale?

ammonia

the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

H2CO3 ←→ H+ + HCO3- will help prevent

acidosis