Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering basic definitions, levels of body organization, homeostasis, and negative/positive feedback mechanisms from Chapter 1.

Anatomy

The study of the structure or form of body parts.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body (or parts).

Chemical Level

The first level of organization in the body, consisting of atoms and molecules.

Cellular Level

The second level of organization in the body, defined as the smallest living unit in the body.

Tissue

The third level of organization in the body, consisting of a group of cells working together.

Organ

The fourth level of organization in the body, consisting of two or more tissues working together.

Organ System

The fifth level of organization in the body, consisting of a group of organs working together.

Organism

The sixth level of organization in the body, composed of all organ systems working together.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of the body's internal environment.

Homeostatic Imbalances

Disturbances in homeostasis that can lead to disease or death if uncorrected.

Negative Feedback Loops

Body fixes changes by doing the opposite to regulate back to normal

Positive Feedback Loops

change causes more change making bigger until its stopped

Set Point

The exact normal value for a regulated variable.

Normal Range

The usual safe range of values for something in the body:ex temperature or blood pressure

Stimulus

An event or change detected in body that triggers response, example: baby pressing on cervix,rising glucose

Receptor

cell part that detects a stimulus and starts a response

Control Center

Part of a system like the brain or endocrine glands that get info about change decides what the set point is

Effector

Cells or organs signaled by the control center to cause physiological responses that return a variable to its normal homeostatic range.