Lipids and Fats Review

This set of flashcards addresses key concepts on lipids and fats, covering types, sources, effects on cardiovascular disease, and dietary recommendations.

What is the primary form of fat/lipid that we consume?

Dietary fats, primarily in the form of triglycerides.

What types of fatty acids can be classified by chemical structure?

Monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, saturated, and trans fats.

What is hydrogenation of unsaturated fats?

A process developed to convert liquid unsaturated fats into solid fats.

Are there common sources of trans fat in the American diet?

Yes, many processed foods, margarine, and snack foods may contain trans fats.

What state are high saturated fat sources at room temperature?

Solid.

What types of enzymes help break down lipids?

Lipases.

What role does bile play in lipid digestion?

Bile emulsifies fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption.

Describe the pathway for long-chain fatty acids absorption.

They are absorbed into chylomicrons, then transported through the lymphatic system.

Name a common food source of monounsaturated fats.

Olive oil.

What is the general effect of MUFAs on cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Mildly beneficial or neutral effect.

What is the general effect of PUFAs (omega-3) on CVD?

Moderately high beneficial effect.

What is the general effect of saturated fats on CVD?

Neutral to major negative effects depending on the food source.

Which dietary fats are generally higher in unsaturated fats?

Plant-based fats.

Which dietary fats are generally higher in saturated fats?

Animal-based fats.

Is there a significant calorie difference between unsaturated and saturated fats?

No significant calorie difference.

What are the three types of omega-3 fatty acids?

ALA, EPA, DHA.

Which type of omega-3s provide unique cardiovascular benefits?

Long-chain omega-3s, particularly EPA and DHA.

What is the general recommendation for fish consumption for CVD prevention?

Regular consumption of fatty or cold-water fish.

What are ketogenic diets?

High-fat, low-carbohydrate diets that promote ketosis.

What is ketosis?

A metabolic state where the body uses fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates.

For which type of sport may ketogenic diets be beneficial?

Endurance sports.

What types of sports would ketogenic diets likely be most ergolytic for?

High-intensity, anaerobic sports.