relegion principles

To do no harm (principle) or ‘avoid unnecessary harm, and if harm is unavoidable, minimize it’. In cases of uncertainty if it means to exercise caution by avoiding anything that would be harmful to ourselves or to others.

Principle of Nonmaleficence

This principle states that one person’s right cannot become another person’s duty to die, suffer or be unfairly burdened

Principle of Limits to Freedom

This principle states that you cannot use an evil or unjust method to achieve a good result (as it would violate the principle of non-maleficence) and the good will be tainted by the way you got there

Principle of Consistent Ends and Means

The principle of the highest potential that humans can achieve

Principle of Full Human Potential

Objective priority; Any right which is a necessary condition for the very possibility of another right’s existence is the more fundamental right and in a conflict of rights, the more fundamental right takes priority. (Suarez, Locke, and Jefferson) The more fundamental right is the one which is necessary for the possibility of the other; where there is conflict, we should resolve in favor of the more fundamental right. The greater the possible harm, the more fundamental the right.

Principle of Fundamentality of Rights/ Hierarchy of Rights

When in doubt that a harm could be committed, do not act out of an abundance of caution rather than harm unintentionally

Corollary of Uncertainty

“Do good” Contribute positively to others and society (Jesus). An act of mercy, kindness, goodness toward the other; often beyond what is necessary (removing harms or obstacles or generally improving the situation)

Principle of Beneficence

Moral powers which are a part of your very nature (also called ‘human rights’ or ‘inalienable rights’); there are three: life, liberty and property

Principle of Natural Rights

This principle is the building block of all others, without it no other principles would be needed or make sense. It includes the value and worth of a human being

Life and Dignity of the Human Person

This is the concept that the human body is integral to the human person and is worthy of dignity itself. It must be kept whole. All the parts of the body work in coordination with each other for the good of the whole

Principle of Totality and Bodily Integrity

This principle is also a virtue:the virtue of justice is concerned about rights and duties within relationships and society. As a principle, it has three aspects: distributive, communicative, legal

Principle of Justice

Someone who cares about safeguarding the environment decides to attack car dealerships by setting Hummers on fire and defacing their cars (true story from 2003). This example is a violation of what principle?

Principle of Consistent Ends and Means

All of the civic guidelines about COVID 19 social distancing have been put in place to protect life, especially the life of the most vulnerable among us.

Life and Dignity of the Human Person

The Declaration of Independence acknowledges 2 out of 3 of these. The Constitution acknowledges the 3rd

Principle of Natural Rights

In an emergency if someone is in a coma, their right to privacy ranks lower than their right to life and so, their medical information (not normally shared with next of kin) can be shared with their family members. This is an example of which principle in action?

Principle of Fundamentality of Rights/ Hierarchy of Rights

Each of us is made in the image and likeness of God and can grow and become the person that God meant us to be, including the unborn and the disabled. Each life is precious and must be defended and protected from the womb to the tomb

Life and Dignity of the Human Person

Examples of this principle include brushing our teeth, exercising and eating healthily

Principle of Totality and Bodily Integrity

When Governor Newsom asked for retired medical personnel to volunteer to help out with the COVID 19 pandemic in California, 25,000 people responded within the first 24 hours. This is an example of which principle?

Principle of Beneficence

A baby cannot yet do AP Calculus or run a marathon, but has the potential to do it one day given the right access and support. This is an example of which principle?

Principle of Full Human Potential

An example of this principle is that you cannot yell, "Fire!" in a crowded movie theater.

Principle of Limits to Freedom

(Broad Term)The act of intentionally causing the death of a terminally or incurably ill or injured person, either by direct action (active euthanasia) or through omission such as withholding food and water (passive euthanasia). Sometimes called ‘aid-in-dying,’ ‘mercy killing,’ or ‘death with dignity’

Euthanasia

The act of intentionally causing the death of a terminally or incurably ill or injured person, by direct action

Active euthanasia

The ability of a person to make his/her own decisions

Autonomy

An act that does not break any of the rules that guide human behavior toward what is right is

Ethical

Not allowing your fears to dominate you; does not mean that you are not afraid. One of the four cardinal virtues

Courage

This principle states that you cannot use an evil or unjust method to achieve a good result (as it would violate the principle of non-maleficence) and the good will be tainted by the way you got there

Consistent ends and means

Having an advantage over someone else to whom you are comparing yourself

Comparative advantage

The value and worth of a human being

Dignity

The active, professed refusal to obey unjust laws, demands, or commands of a government

Civil disobedience

Rules that guide human behavior toward what is right

Ethics

To make something less severe such as suffering

Alleviate

A condition that liberates people to serve a purpose beyond themselves; also known as ‘freedom to’

Freedom for

The right to pursue whatever options or options you choose, except where such an act may obstruct or prevent others from exercising their rights, put yourself or another in danger, or exceed a statutory limit. The phrase is sometimes used erroneously by activists in favor of legal abortion

Freedom of choice

Truth, Beauty, Love, Goodness and Unity

Five transcendentals

The principle of the highest potential that humans can achieve

Full human potential

(Broad term) A state of being able to control your own thoughts and pursue your own actions

Freedom

The value or worth that other people perceive in us (skills, physical traits, etc)

Extrinsic dignity

A condition that allows people to serve their own wants and desires; having all your options open and not being bound by commitments, responsibilities, rules or laws

Freedom from

This principle states that one person’s right cannot become another person’s duty to die, suffer or be unfairly burdened

Freedom, limits to (p. 20)

Rights that are given to you by others, such as a king, Congress or a vote of the people; also called ‘alienable rights’ or ‘positive rights’(and can be taken away or separated from you- a driver’s license ->the right to drive)

Extrinsic rights

Wisdom, justice, courage, self-discipline. Can be extended to five virtues when we include love

Four cardinal virtues

Objective priority; Any right which is a necessary condition for the very possibility of another right’s existence is the more fundamental right and in a conflict of rights, the more fundamental right takes priority. P. 16-17

Hierarchy of rights

The value or worth that you have simply because you are a human person

Intrinsic dignity

Cannot be separated from or taken away

Inalienable

Being fair; giving other people what they are owed

Justice

The complete set of human genetic material

Human genome

euthanasia

Passive euthanasia

Allowing physicians to write prescriptions for lethal doses of medication so that patients can take the drugs themselves in order to commit suicide

Physician-assisted suicide

Who you are at your very core; human nature is a combination of a physical body and a rational soul which is capable of free will, love and self-sacrifice.

Nature

Moral powers which are a part of your very nature (also called ‘human rights’ or ‘inalienable rights’); there are three: life, liberty and property

Natural rights

In situations where you perform a good or morally neutral act, and the act has a good effect and a bad effect, as long as you intend only the good effect, you are not morally responsible for the bad effect

Principle of Double Effect

The way that each human being uses freedom to make personal decisions and choices

Personal freedom

To do no harm (principle) or ‘avoid unnecessary harm, and if harm is unavoidable, minimize it’. In cases of uncertainty if it means to exercise caution by avoiding anything that would be harmful to ourselves or to others.

Non-maleficence

The rights of citizens to not be abused or unjustly coerced by government authorities, or by other persons

Political freedom

Before birth; during or related to pregnancy

Prenatal

The point at which you experience the strongest resistance against a new habit that you are trying to form

Period of maximum resistance

Giving up something that we want or have, or even giving up our very lives, in order to pursue a greater good for some other person or cause

Self-sacrifice

Something is _____ when it exists on its own, and is not declared into existence

Self-evident

Exercising reasonable control and restraint over your desires. One of the four cardinal virtues

Self-discipline

To weaken the base of something

Undermine

Rules which are so basic that they apply to the entire human race for all time

Universal ethical principles

An illegitimate government which ignores inalienable rights, ignores the hierarchy of rights, and stays in power by using deception and causing fear

Tyranny

A _____reality is something that is real, but has no physical or material parts, such as beauty, truth, justice, love, unity or the human soul

Transcendental

An act that breaks the rules that guide human behavior toward what is right

Unethical

A short phrase that is used over and over by a group of people in order to get a point across

Slogan

Knowing what is important in life so that when conflicts happens you can choose well. One of the four cardinal virtues.

Wisdom

To fail to respect or uphold, such as violate a human right

Violate

A pattern of behavior that helps people move toward Level 3 and 4 goals

Virtuous habit

Based on feelings or perceptions, which can change from time to time, and person to person

Subjective