From Allies to Enemies: The Early Cold War

Flashcards about the Cold War

Unconditional Surrender

The acceptance of surrender from an enemy without any conditions.

Lend-Lease Aid

A program by which the United States supplied allied nations with materiel between 1941 and 1945.

Atlantic Charter

A statement of post-war aims between FDR and Churchill including disarmament, self-determination, and freedom of the seas.

United Nations

An international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries.

Moscow Declaration

A declaration signed by China, the US, the UK, and the Soviet Union committing to the establishment of the United Nations.

Nuremburg Trials

Trials held after World War II in which Nazi leaders were prosecuted for war crimes.

Security Council

The United Nations' most powerful body, with primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.

Veto Power

The power to unilaterally stop a measure from passing.

Breton Woods

Meeting to establish international currency stability and prevent another depression, resulting in the World Bank and IMF.

World Bank

An international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs.

IMF (International Monetary Fund)

An international organization that aims to promote international monetary cooperation, facilitate international trade, and foster sustainable economic growth.

GATT (General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs)

A treaty created to lower tariffs and increase international trade.

Iron Curtain

The political, military, and ideological barrier erected by the Soviet Union after World War II to seal off itself and its dependent eastern and central European allies from open contact with the West and other noncommunist areas.

Containment

A United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

Truman Doctrine

The principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communist insurrection.

Marshall Plan

A US program providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.

Berlin Airlift

A military operation in the late 1940s that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany, which surrounded West Berlin, had cut off its supply routes.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

A military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after World War II to strengthen international ties and to serve as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact.

Warsaw Pact

A collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955.

NSC-68

A 58-page top secret policy paper issued by the United States National Security Council on April 14, 1950 during the presidency of Harry S. Truman.

Price Controls

Government-imposed limits on the prices that can be charged for goods and services.

G.I. Bill

A law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans.

California Master Plan

A set of recommendations made in 1960 to the California State Legislature on the future of higher education in California.

Organization Man

A book that discussed how the new corporate employee was losing his individuality.

Inner Directed Society

A society where actions are directed by individual thoughts and inner opinions.

Other Directed Society

A society where actions are directed by outer opinions.

White Collar Jobs

Jobs including office and professional roles.

Blue Collar Jobs

Jobs including industrial and manufacturing roles.

Baby Boom

A period of increased birth rates, especially the one in the U.S. from 1946-1964.

White Flight

The migration of white people from racially mixed urban regions to the suburbs.

Levittown

Large suburban developments consisting of mass-produced, similar houses.

Urban Renewal

The process of redeveloping urban areas, often involving the displacement of low-income residents.

Beatniks

A social and literary movement emphasizing nonconformity.

Rock and Roll

A type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies.

Bracero Program

An agreement between the United States and Mexico which permitted Mexican citizens to take temporary agricultural work in the United States.

Operation Wetback

A massive campaign to deport illegal Mexican immigrants.

CSO (Community Service Organization)

A Latino civil rights organization.

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

A civil rights organization founded by Martin Luther King Jr.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.