Untitled Flashcards Set

What was the central city for trade and religious practice in pre-Islamic Arabia?

Mecca, which housed the Kaaba.

What did Muhammad establish during his migration to Medina?

A religious community.

What are the two main sects that arose after Muhammad's death?

Sunni and Shi’ite.

What does the Quran represent in Islam?

God's revelations to Muhammad, guiding ethical and moral conduct.

What are Hadiths?

Sayings and actions of Muhammad important for understanding Islamic life.

Who was considered the final prophet of Islam?

Muhammad.

What key event in 630 CE marked Muhammad's return to Mecca?

His conquest of Mecca and establishment of Allah's worship in the Kaaba.

What does the term 'Caliph' refer to?

The leader of the Muslim community.

What distinguishes Sunni Muslims from Shi’ite Muslims?

Sunni believe in selecting leaders from among Muhammad's companions, while Shi’ite believe leadership should remain within Muhammad's family.

What does the term 'Jihad' mean in Islam?

Exerting force; can refer to both internal and external struggles.

What is the significance of the Kaaba in Islam?

It is a sacred sanctuary and center of worship in Mecca.

What was a primary reason for Muhammad's initial lack of converts?

Resistance from the polytheistic community that profited from idolatry.

What is Sharia?

Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.

How did Muslims view Jews and Christians?

Muslims acknowledged their teachings but distinguished them by recognizing Muhammad as the final prophet.

What does 'jihad by sword' permit?

Engaging in physical defense of Islam when attacked first and not against innocents.

How is the concept of Jihad often misinterpreted today?

Terrorist groups exploit it to justify violence, distorting its true meaning.