PHAR102A - Module 2: Drugs Acting on the Cardio-Vascular System

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50 Terms

1
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  1. Hematinic

  2. Hemostatic

    1. Topical

    2. Systemic

  3. Anti-Fibrinolytic

  4. Anti-Hemostatic

    1. Anticoagulant

      1. In-vivo

      2. In-vitro

    2. Fibrinolytic

    3. Anti-thrombotic

  5. Inotropes

    1. Cardiac Glycosides

    2. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor / Non-Glycoside / Non-Catecholamine

    3. β-Adrenergic Agonist

    4. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE)

  6. Anti-Arrhythmics

    1. Class 1

    2. Class 2

    3. Class 3

    4. Class 4

  7. Vasoactive Drugs

    1. Arterial Dilators

    2. Venous Dilators

    3. Carvedilol

  8. Inodilators

  9. New/Experimental Drugs for Heart Failure

DRUGS ACTING ON THE CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM

  2. .

  3. .

  4. .

    1. .

  5. .

  6. .

  7. .

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  1. Hematinic

    1. Iron

    2. B12

    3. Folic acid

    4. Erythropoietic co factors

    5. Anabolic steroids

  2. Hemostatic

    1. Topical

      1. Thrombin, Thromboplastin

      2. Fibrin, Fibrinogen

      3. Oxidized cellulose

      4. Epinephrine

      5. Gelatin sponge

      6. Styptics (iodine, silver nitrate, ferric sulfate / tannic sulfate)

    2. Systemic

      1. Blood

      2. Vitamin K

      3. Protamine Sulfate

  3. Anti-thrombotic

    1. Tranexamic acid

    2. Aminocaproic acid

    3. Aprotinin​

  4. Anti-Hemostatic

    1. Anticoagulant

      1. In-vivo

        1. Heparin

        2. ACD

        3. Sodium citrate

      2. In-vitro

        1. Ca EDTA

        2. Oxalate

        3. Double oxalate

    2. Fibrinolytic

      1. Streptokinase

      2. Streptodornase

      3. Urokinase

      4. Alteplase

      5. Reteplase

    3. Anti-thrombotic

      1. Aspirin and other NSAID

      2. Dipyridamole

      3. Clopidogrel

      4. Triclopidine

  5. Inotropes

    1. Cardiac Glycosides

      1. Digitalis

    2. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor / Non-Glycoside / Non-Catecholamine

      1. Theophylline

      2. Aminophylline

      3. Amrinone

      4. Milrinone

      5. Sildenafil

    3. β-Adrenergic Agonist

      1. Dopamine

      2. Dobutamine

      3. Epinephrine

      4. Isoproterenol

    4. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE)

      1. Captopril

      2. Enalapril

      3. Benazepril

      4. Ramipril

  6. Anti-Arrhythmics

    1. Class 1

      1. Quinidine

      2. Procainamide

      3. Lidocaine

    2. Class 2

      1. Propranolol

      2. Timolol

      3. Nadolol

      4. Alprenolol

      5. Metoprolol

    3. Class 3

      1. Bretylium

      2. Amiodarone

      3. Sotalol

    4. Class 4

      1. Verapamil

      2. Diltiazem

      3. Nifedipine

      4. Amlodipine

  7. Vasoactive Drugs

    1. Arterial Dilators

      1. Captopril

      2. Hydralazine

      3. Phentolamine

    2. Venous Dilators

      1. Nitroglycerin

      2. Nitroprusside

      3. Prazosin

    3. Carvedilol

  8. Inodilators

    1. Pimobendan

    2. Levosimendan

  9. New/Experimental Drugs for Heart Failure

    1. Epoprostenol

    2. Bosentan

  1. Hematinic

  2. Hemostatic

    1. Topical

    2. Systemic

  3. Anti-thrombotic

  4. Anti-Hemostatic

    1. Anticoagulant

      1. In-vivo

      2. In-vitro

    2. Fibrinolytic / Thrombolytic

    3. Anti-thrombolytic / Anti-Platelet

  5. Inotropes

    1. Cardiac Glycosides

    2. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor / Non-Glycoside / Non-Catecholamine

    3. β-Adrenergic Agonist

    4. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACE)

  6. Anti-Arrhythmics

    1. Class 1

    2. Class 2

    3. Class 3

    4. Class 4

  7. Vasoactive Drugs

    1. Arterial Dilators

    2. Venous Dilators

    3. Carvedilol

  8. Inodilators

  9. New/Experimental Drugs for Heart Failure

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HEMATINIC

increase the Hgb content of the blood ; increase RBC

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HEMOSTATIC

control bleeding

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ANTICOAGULANT

interfere with clotting cascade ; drug that prevents blood coagulation

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FIBRINOLYTIC / THROMBOLYTIC

increase the activity of plasma or fibrinolysin which is responsible for dissolving clots

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ANTI-THROMBOLYTIC / ANTI-PLATELET

affecting platelets activity

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INOTROPES

increase the strength of heart muscle contraction

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ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS

for irregular heartbeat (arrhythmic)

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VASOACTIVE DRUGS

drug acting on blood vessels and for dilation

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INODILATORS

agents with both vasodilator and positive inotropic properties

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  • TOPICAL: bleeding comes from small and superficial blood vessel

  • SYSTEMIC: bleeding comes from large and deep blood vessels

differentiate TOPICAL and SYSTEMIC HEMOSTATIC

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  • coagulation and clogging 

  • other term for STYPTICS

    1. iodine

    2. silver nitrate

    3. ferric sulfate

    4. tannic acid

  • STYPTICS are made-up of chemical where it cause ___________________ on platelets

  • other term for STYPTICS

    2. .

    3. .

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inhibition of the membrane bound N-K-ATpase pump

MOA of DIGITALIS

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inhibit the breakdown of camp and therefore increase the intracellular camp result to increase heart contractility

MOA of PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR / non-glycoside / non-catecholamine

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increase heart- contractility by stimulating adenyl cyclase and increase camp

MOA of B-ADRENERGIC AGONIST

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  • class I - membrane -stabilizing drugs ; selectively block the fast Na-channel

  • class II - B- adrenergic receptor blocking drugs

  • class III - prolong the cardiac action potential and refractory period ; increase action potential

  • class IV - Ca- channel blocking drugs

under ANTI-ARRHYTHMICS differentiate

  • class I -

  • class II -

  • class III -

  • class IV -

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  • HEMOGLOBIN

  • PROTEIN

  • IRON'S PRIMARY FUNCTION IN ERYTHROPOIESIS IS TO SERVE AS A CORE COMPONENT OF _________________

  • THE ______________ IN RED BLOOD CELLS RESPONSIBLE FOR OXYGEN TRANSPORT​

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  1. Vitamin K

  2. Protamine sulfate

alternative for BLOOD transfusion

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vitamin B12

is a vital cofactor for enzymes involved in dna synthesis. this process is crucial for cell division, especially in the rapid production of new red blood cells within the bone marrow

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  • erythrogenesis, tetrahydrofolic acid

  • erythroblasts

  • Folic acid is essential for ______________ because it is converted to its active form, ________________, which is a crucial coenzyme in the synthesis of DNA and RNA.

  • This process allows _____________, the precursors to red blood cells, to proliferate and differentiate properly

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hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)

COBALT directly stimulates the production of the erythropoietin (EPO) hormone by stabilizing _________________________, which promotes red blood cell generation. 

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COPPER

influences erythropoiesis by facilitating iron metabolism, absorption, and transfer, ensuring the iron needed for hemoglobin synthesis is available for red blood cell formation. 

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IN-VIVO: used for live animals ; IN-VITRO: used for laboratory test only

difference between IN-VIVO and IN-VITRO

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  • ARTERIAL DILATORS - after load reducer

  • VENOUS DILATORS - preload reducer

under VASOACTIVE DRUGS differentiate ARTERIAL DILATORS and VENOUS DILATORS

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B12

tx for pernicious anemia

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vitamin K

is necessary for hepatic synthesis of coagulations factor II, VII, IX and X

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protamine sulfate

is a protein found in the sperm of some fishes

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aspirin

treatment for stoke

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clopidogrel

for diabetes used as blood thinner

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  • negative chronotropic

  • vagal

  • DIGITALIS has ____________________ effect due to decrease conduction velocity in the AV node

  • it also potentiates _________activity in the HEART

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  1. D. Purpurea

    1. Digitoxin

    2. Gitoxin

    3. Gitalis

  2. D. lanta

    1. Digitoxin

    2. Digoxin

    3. Gitoxin

  3. S. gratus and S. kombe (Strophantus)

    1. Strophantidin

    2. Oubain

PREPARATION of digitalis

  1. .

  2. .

  3. .

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cats

specie that is more sensitive to digoxin

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digoxin

is the drug of choice, except in animal with RENAL disease

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PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITOR / non-glycoside / non-catecholamine

with vasodilation effect and use for pulmonary hypertension

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milrinone

is the drug of choice in dogs with congestive heart failure

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milrinone

is use as alternative of refractory to digitalis

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epineprhrine

is only use for emergency treatment of cardiac arrest

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chronic renal failure

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITOR (ACE): aside from its use in heart disease, it is also beneficial for ____________________

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propranolol

is beneficial in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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propranolol

should be avoided in cats with respiratory disease

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amiodarone

has anti anginal action (angina pectoris – chest pain)

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sotalol

ventricular tachyarrhythmic and syncope in boxer

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captopril

commonly used arterial dilator in dogs and cats

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VENOUS DILATORS: nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, prazosin

use for angina pectoris

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  1. hypertention

  2. heart failure

uses of CARVEDILOL

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  • B-receptor and L-receptor

  • myocardial

  • peripheral vascular resistance

  • CARVEDILOL has both __-receptor and __ -receptor antagonist action

  • reduce ___________ work load

  • lowers the _____________________

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epoprostenol

pulmonary hypertension

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bosentan

potent vasoconstrictor antagonist

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bosentan

use for dogs with pulmonary hypertension and dirofilariasis