protocols 1.3.2

what is an IP address

locates a device’s logical location on a network

give me an IPv4 address

128.10.2.255

how to form an IPv6 address?

8× (4-character hexadecimal values)

why do we use IPv6 ?

because we ran out of IPv4 combinations (theres only 4.3 billion)

how many bits in IPv4

32

how many bits in IPv6

128

what are IP addresses used for?

sending data between TCP/IP networks (internet)

what are MAC addresses?

a unique physical address assigned on a device’s NIC

what are MAC addresses used for?

used by a switch to identify and communicate with devices on a LAN

MAC addresses are assigned by ..?

the manufacturer

how is a MAC address formed?

48 bit address (six 8-bit hexadecimal pairs)

in wired networks, data transmission is …

faster

in wired connections, there is less

interference

in wired connections there is low …

latency

wired networks are harder to …

intercept

wired networks restrict …

movement and makes them trip hazards

setting up wired networks is …

time consuming and difficult

what is wireless connection?

data is transmitted through radio waves in the air

wifi is used with a …

wireless access point to send out a signal and connect multiple devices to a networks

wireless devices can connect..

more devices without disruption of cables

wireless data transfer speeds are

shorter

wireless has …

higher latency

wireless networks are

easier to intercept

wireless networks suffer from

interference

wireless networks have a limited

coverage area

what is a protocol?

a set of rules that allow computers to communicate and exchange data in a network

what are standards?

a set of agreed requirements for hardware and software

why do we need standards?

so all devices/programs are compatible + data/signals are interpreted the same way

what do communication protocols do?

specify how communication between 2 devices must start, end! (also how data is organised/what to do if lost)

what does TCP/IP stand for?

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

what does the whole TCP/IP do?

reliably exchanges data between 2 devices on the internet

what does TCP do?

breaks data down into packets and orders them correctly

what does IP (protocol) do?

Addresses and routes data to correct locarion

what does HTTPS stand for?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure

what does HTTP do?

request and accesses a web page from a web server

whats the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTPS is a secure version that utilises encryption

what does FTP stand for?

File Transfer Protocol

what does FTP do?

transfer files across a network (upload and download files between client and server)

what does SMTP stand for?

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

what does SMTP do?

send emails to and between email servers

what does POP stand for?

Post Office Protocol

what does POP do?

retrieves and stores emails from email server onto a computer

using POP, what happens after email retrieved from email server?

it is deleted from the server

what does IMAP do?

retrieves and stores emails from an email server to a computer

what is the significance of IMAP?

emails are saved and synchronised on email server (so can be accessed on multiple devices)

what does IMAP stand for?

Internet Message Access Protocol

what are layers?

group of protocols with similar functions

layers are …

self contained (one layer don’t know what occurs in other layer)

how do standards help development of layers?

so all the layers are compatible and work with each other

how does having layers help?

developers can individually fix and update without affecting whole protocol

what is layer 1?

passing data over a physical network

example of layer 1?

ethernet

what is layer 2?

making connections between networks and directing data

example of layer 2?

IP

what is layer 3?

splitting data into packets, checking that data is sent and delivered

example layer 3?

TCP

what is layer 4?

turning data into websites and other applications

example of layer 4?

HTTP, FTP , SMTP