Structure and Functions of Bone

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the structure and functions of bone, including types of bone cells, growth mechanisms, and the organization of bone tissue.

Diaphysis

The bone shaft, the long central part of a long bone.

Epiphysis

Both ends of the bone at the joints.

Metaphysis

The region between diaphysis and epiphysis.

Periosteum

The connective tissue that surrounds the diaphysis.

Medullary Cavity

The hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone.

Endosteum

The thin membrane lining the medullary cavity.

Functions of Bone

The seven key functions include support, protection, movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell formation, triglyceride storage, and hormone production.

Osteoblast

Bone-building cells that secrete the bone matrix and initiate calcification.

Osteoclast

Cells that function in bone resorption, breaking down the bone extracellular matrix.

Hematopoiesis

The process of blood cell formation that occurs in the red marrow cavities of certain bones.

Endochondral Ossification

A process that occurs at the epiphyseal plates of long bones allowing them to grow in length through the presence of cartilage.

Spongy Bone

Lightweight bone that provides support; also known as trabecular or cancellous bone.

Compact Bone

Dense bone that provides protection and support; it is the strongest type of bone.

Epiphyseal Plate

A growth plate consisting of five zones that regulate the lengthwise growth of long bones.

Zones of Epiphyseal Plate

Includes resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, and ossification zone.

Osteocyte

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.