1.04 Wound Healing

Hemostasis phase of wound healing involves which of the following events?
A) Platelet aggregation and fibrin clot formation
B) Fibroblast proliferation
C) Collagen remodeling
D) Epithelial cell migration

A) Platelet aggregation and fibrin clot formation

Which substance is released by platelet α granules to initiate wound repair?
A) Elastin
B) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
C) Keratin
D) Collagen type I

B) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

What is the primary role of neutrophils in the inflammatory phase?
A) Collagen synthesis
B) Angiogenesis
C) Phagocytosis of bacteria and tissue debris
D) Epithelialization

C) Phagocytosis of bacteria and tissue debris

Macrophages in wound healing are essential because they:
A) Cause vasoconstriction
B) Participate in wound debridement and regulate cell proliferation
C) Form fibrin clots
D) Produce keratin

B) Participate in wound debridement and regulate cell proliferation

T-lymphocytes in wound healing primarily:
A) Form granulation tissue
B) Produce fibrin
C) Cause vasodilation
D) Bridge the transition from inflammation to proliferation

D) Bridge the transition from inflammation to proliferation

During the proliferative phase, fibroblasts mainly produce:
A) Platelet-derived growth factor
B) Keratinocytes
C) Extracellular matrix proteins like Type III collagen
D) Red blood cells

C) Extracellular matrix proteins like Type III collagen

What growth factor primarily influences endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis?
A) Serotonin
B) Histamine
C) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
D) Bradykinin

C) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

The maturation and remodeling phase is characterized by:
A) Initial platelet aggregation
B) Reorganization of collagen from Type III to Type I
C) Neutrophil infiltration
D) Formation of granulation tissue

B) Reorganization of collagen from Type III to Type I

Epithelialization in wound healing is defined as:
A) Proliferation and migration of epithelial cells to cover the wound
B) Formation of fibrin clot
C) Fibroblast activation
D) Angiogenesis

A) Proliferation and migration of epithelial cells to cover the wound

Wound contraction is mainly mediated by which cell type?
A) Neutrophil
B) Myofibroblast
C) Macrophage
D) Endothelial cell

B) Myofibroblast

Acute wounds are defined as wounds that heal within:
A) Less than 4 weeks
B) More than 4 weeks
C) 6 months
D) 1 year

A) Less than 4 weeks

Chronic wounds are characterized by:
A) Healing within 2 weeks
B) Immediate epithelialization
C) Failure to heal within 4 weeks
D) No inflammation

C) Failure to heal within 4 weeks

Which type of surgical wound healing involves closure by sutures immediately after incision?
A) Primary intention
B) Secondary intention
C) Tertiary intention
D) Delayed epithelialization

A) Primary intention

Secondary intention healing is characterized by:
A) Healing by granulation tissue formation and contraction
B) Immediate closure by sutures
C) No granulation tissue
D) Absence of inflammation

A) Healing by granulation tissue formation and contraction

Which systemic factor negatively affects wound healing?
A) Good blood supply
B) Advanced age
C) Adequate nutrition
D) Absence of infection

B) Advanced age

Hypoxia in wound healing primarily impairs:
A) Platelet aggregation
B) Epithelialization
C) Fibroplasia and collagen synthesis
D) Neutrophil migration

C) Fibroplasia and collagen synthesis

Major causes of hypoperfusion include:
A) Hypervolemia
B) Excess oxygen supply
C) Congestive heart failure and arterial insufficiency
D) Normal blood flow

C) Congestive heart failure and arterial insufficiency

The presence of bacteria multiplying in a wound without host response is called:
A) Infection
B) Colonization
C) Contamination
D) Inflammation

B) Colonization

Which sign is NOT typically associated with wound infection?
A) Abnormal discharge
B) Rapid epithelialization
C) Cellulitis
D) Delayed wound healing

B) Rapid epithelialization

The most common organisms responsible for wound infections include:
A) Influenza virus
B) Candida albicans
C) Staphylococcus species
D) Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C) Staphylococcus species

Class I clean wounds are characterized by:
A) Presence of pus
B) Extensive bacterial contamination
C) No infection and no entry into hollow viscera
D) Open traumatic wounds

C) No infection and no entry into hollow viscera

Which historical figure is credited with reducing postoperative mortality by using carbolic acid antisepsis?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Ignaz Semmelweis
C) Joseph Lister
D) Robert Wood Johnson

C) Joseph Lister

The first to differentiate between infected and noninfected wounds was:
A) Egyptian medicine practitioners
B) Greek physicians
C) Sumerians
D) Romans

A) Egyptian medicine practitioners

What is the main component of the extracellular matrix in skin during wound healing?
A) Elastin
B) Keratin
C) Type I collagen
D) Fibrin

C) Type I collagen

Fibroblast activation during wound healing is mainly mediated by:
A) Platelet aggregation
B) Cytokines and growth factors from macrophages
C) Neutrophil migration
D) Epithelial cell proliferation

B) Cytokines and growth factors from macrophages

The fibrin clot in hemostasis serves primarily as:
A) Source of collagen
B) New epithelial layer
C) Vasodilator
D) Scaffolding for inflammatory cell migration

D) Scaffolding for inflammatory cell migration

Which phase of wound healing involves formation of new capillaries?
A) Hemostasis
B) Proliferative phase
C) Maturation and remodeling
D) Inflammatory phase

B) Proliferative phase

What is the role of serotonin released from platelets in wound healing?
A) Forms fibrin mesh
B) Activates fibroblasts
C) Facilitates cell migration by increasing vascular permeability
D) Causes vasodilation

C) Facilitates cell migration by increasing vascular permeability

Which collagen type becomes more prominent during the proliferative phase?
A) Type I collagen
B) Type III collagen
C) Type IV collagen
D) Type II collagen

B) Type III collagen

Wound strength after healing is ultimately determined by:
A) Amount of fibrin clot
B) Number of neutrophils
C) Thickness of epidermis
D) Balance of collagen deposition and degradation

D) Balance of collagen deposition and degradation