Untitled Flashcard Set

Cultural Awareness

Understanding and learning about different cultures, especially in contexts like communication or assessment.

Preassessment Information

Gathering data about a child's communication abilities and family perceptions before assessment.

Observing in Natural Contexts

Watching children communicate in real-life situations rather than just formal tests to understand their typical language use.

Ethnographic Interview

A method of gathering information by speaking with someone knowledgeable about a child’s culture.

Natural Events and Activities

Contexts in which children are observed to assess their communication skills in a relaxed setting.

Creating a Comfortable Atmosphere

Establishing a setting where children feel safe and motivated to talk.

Reluctant Talker

A child who is hesitant to speak; requires specific strategies to encourage communication.

Language Sample Length

Collection of at least 30 minutes of spoken language to assess a child's speech development effectively.

Structural Analysis

Understanding language use through patterns rather than just identifying correct or incorrect speech.

Statistical Learning

A process by which infants use frequency of sound patterns to identify word boundaries in speech.

Nativist Theory

The perspective that language ability is innate and biologically predisposed.

Behaviorist Theory (skinner)

The view that language is learned through reinforcement and imitation.

Nativist vs. Behaviorist

Nativist emphasizes innate ability while Behaviorist focuses on learning through interaction and environment.

Emergentist Theory

The idea that language acquisition emerges from interactions between biological predisposition and environmental input.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language that can change meaning.

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Pragmatics

The rules governing the use of language in social contexts.

Semantics

The study of meaning in language.

Syntax

The rules that govern the structure of sentences.

Metalinguistics

The ability to think and talk about language itself.

Communicative Competence

The ability to use language effectively and appropriately in social situations.

Bilingualism

The ability to understand and use two languages fluently.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

A theoretical construct that refers to the innate aspects of language learning.

Total Feedback

The ability of speakers to hear themselves and correct their spoken errors.

Displacement

The ability to talk about things not present in time or space.

Productivity

The capacity to create and understand an infinite number of sentences.

Traditional Transmission

The idea that language is passed down culturally rather than biologically.

Vocal-Auditory Channel

The primary channel through which language is produced and received — spoken language.

Reflectiveness

The capacity to think about language and its function.

Arbitrariness

The lack of a natural connection between a word and its meaning.

Rapid Fading

The transient nature of spoken words; once spoken, they quickly dissipate.

Discreteness

The property of speech that consists of distinct units, such as phonemes.

Free Morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word.

Bound Morpheme

A morpheme that cannot stand alone and must be attached to another morpheme.

Sociolinguistic Approaches

Focuses on how social contexts influence language use.

Selection Restrictions

Rules that determine which words may co-occur in a sentence.

Deficit Approach

An outdated perspective that sees dialectal differences as deficiencies.

Discourse

Language used in longer texts such as conversations and narratives.

Jargon

Babbling that mimics adult-like intonation and structure.

Echolalia

The immediate imitation of sounds or phrases by an infant.

Pragmatic Competence

Understanding how to use language appropriately in different contexts.

Language Segmentation

The ability to identify word boundaries within continuous speech.

Infant Vocalization

Early sounds produced by infants, including crying and cooing, that prepare them for speech.

Quasi-Resonant Nuclei (QRN)

Early vowel-like sounds produced by infants with limited control.

Neonate (0–1 month)