Is Matter Around Us Pure?
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54 Terms
What are pure substances?
Substances made of only one type of atom or molecule.
Give examples of pure substances.
Diamond, Salt, Sulphur, Tin.
What is the composition of a pure substance?
Homogeneous in nature.
Can pure substances be separated by physical means?
Cannot be separated by physical means.
Give examples of consistent properties of pure substances.
Density, color, and hardness.
What is an element?
A basic form of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Give examples of elements.
Gold, Sodium, Iron.
What are compounds?
Chemical substances made of two or more elements chemically bound together.
Give examples of compounds.
Salt, Carbon dioxide.
Give examples of solid elements.
Iron, copper, gold, silver.
Give examples of liquid elements.
Bromine, mercury
Give examples of gaseous elements.
Oxygen, hydrogen.
What are properties of metals?
Lustrous, conduct heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, sonorous.
Give examples of nonmetals
Hydrogen, oxygen, iodine, carbon, bromine, chlorine
What are metalloids?
Elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals.
Provide some examples of metalloids.
Boron, silicon, germanium.
What is a compound?
A substance consisting of two or more substances chemically combined in a fixed proportion.
Give examples of compounds?
Ammonium Sulphate, Sulphur Chloride, Water.
What elements compose water and in what proportion?
Hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:8 ratio by mass.
What is a mixture?
When two or more substances are mixed in any proportion without chemical change.
What is a homogeneous mixture?
Components are uniformly mixed without visible boundaries.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
Components are not uniformly mixed with visible boundaries.
Give examples of homogeneous mixtures.
Sugar in water.
Give examples of heterogeneous mixtures
Oil and water
What are the characteristics of mixtures?
Formed by physically mixing substances; variable composition; can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
What are the characteristics of compounds?
Formed by chemically combining elements; fixed composition; always homogeneous.
What are alloys?
Combination of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal
What are solutions?
Homogeneous mixtures with very small particles (less than 1 nm); transparent; do not scatter light.
Give examples of true solutions.
Salt-water.
What are colloids?
Particles ranging from 1-100 nm; translucent; scatter light.
Give examples of colloids
Milk.
What are suspensions?
Particles larger than 100 nm; opaque; scatter light significantly.
Give examples of suspensions.
Sand in water.
What is a solvent?
Component that dissolves the other component in a solution.
What is a solute?
Component that is dissolved in the solvent in a solution.
What is concentration of a solution?
Amount of solute present in a given amount of solution.
What is solubility?
The maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100 grams of solvent at a specific temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution where no additional solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution where more solute can be dissolved at a specific temperature.
What is a dispersion medium?
Component present in larger proportion in a colloid.
What is dispersed phase?
Component present in smaller proportion in a colloid.
Give example of Aerosol (liquid in gas)?
Fog, clouds, mist.
Give example of Foam (gas in liquid)?
Shaving cream
Give examples of Emulsion (liquid in liquid)?
Milk, face cream.
Give examples of Sol (solid in liquid)?
Milk of magnesia, mud.
Give examples of Gel (liquid in solid)?
Jelly, cheese, butter.
Give examples of Solid Sol (solid in solid)?
Coloured gemstone, milky glass.
What is a suspension?
Heterogeneous mixture where solute particles do not dissolve but remain suspended.
What is the Tyndall Effect?
Scattering of light by colloidal particles.
What are physical changes?
Changes that do not result in the formation of new substances.
What are chemical changes?
Changes that result in the formation of new substances.
Give examples of physical changes.
Melting of ice, chopping vegetables, boiling water.
Give examples of chemical changes.
Burning magnesium, burning paper, rusting iron.