Topic 2.8 Intelligence and Achievement

Intelligence

Ability to learn from experiences, adapt, problem solve and apply knowledge

Difference between multiple intelligence theory and general intelligence

Multiple intelligences is not singular traits but a combo of skills (Ex: emotional, creative, practical, problem solving)

General intelligence (G factor) is performing well in one cognitive area leads to doing good in others

Difference between fluid and crystallized intelligence

Fluid intelligence is the ability to reason with and breakdown problems

Crystallized intelligence is accumulated knowledge and verbal skill

Difference between fixed mindset and growth mindset

Fixed mindsets think intelligence is something you are born with and can’t change

Growth mindsets believe intelligence is malleable/ can be developed with effort and learning

Stereotype threat

At risk for confirming negative stereotypes about their social group

Impacting how one performs and often gives false results

Stereotype lift

Individual benefits from positive stereotypes about their social group

Impacting how one performs and often gives false results

Psychometric

Focuses on quantification of mental attributes

Psychometric principles

Reliability, validity, and standardization (keep tests the same to reduce bias; fair comparison)

Test retest reliability

Consistency of test results over time when the same person takes the test again

Split in half method

Higher correlation between scores indicate a reliable test (performance is consistent)

Content validity

How much a test stays relevant to the info or behaviors being tested

Construct validity

Degree of how a test can measure specific things, ensuring for accuracy in a specific concept

Criterion validity

Checks to see if a test correlates to any outside variables; if this is low then test may not be valid

Predictive validity

Predicts future performance; only used w/ a large data set to predict trends

Flynn effect

Worldwide IQ score increased b/c of healthcare, education, nutrition, and economy which meant more engagement and stimulating environments

Difference between achievement and aptitude test

Achievement test assesses what a person knows at a specific point in time (Ex: AP exam)

Aptitude tests aim to predict how someone will perform in the future (Ex: ACT or SAT)