Branches and Beginnings of Philosophy Flashcards
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These flashcards cover the branches of philosophy, the transition from myth to reason in Ancient Greece, Pre-Socratic ideas, and the teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
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22 Terms
What is the focus of Metaphysics?
Reality and existence
What is Epistemology?
The study of knowledge and truth
What is the focus of Ethics?
Right and wrong action
How is Logic defined in the notes?
Correct reasoning
What does Aesthetics study?
Beauty, art, and appreciation
Which location is considered the birthplace of Western Philosophy?
Ancient Greece
What is the mythological explanation for thunder mentioned in the text?
Thunder happens because Zeus is angry
What is the rational explanation for thunder mentioned in the text?
Lighting and atmosphere
Who was the first Western philosopher and what did he believe was the origin of all things?
Thales of Miletus; water is the origin of all things
What concept did Anaximander propose as the origin?
Apeiron / boundless infinite
Which philosopher believed that everything is continuously changing like fire?
Heraclitus
What was Parmenides' view on change?
Change is illusion; nothing changes and reality does not change
What is considered the beginning of philosophy?
Wonder
How is Curiosity defined?
The desire to know and understand
What is the definition of Reflection?
The process of examining one's experience and beliefs
What does Self-Awareness mean?
Awareness of one's own thoughts and action
What were Socrates' core beliefs regarding truth and knowledge?
No one knows everything; seek truth through reason and virtuous life, and reflect more deeply
What did Plato believe regarding our senses?
Appearances can be misleading and our senses can deceive us
According to Plato, what should people distinguish between?
Knowledge and opinion
Who is known as the Father of logic?
Aristotle
According to Aristotle, what is the goal of humans?
To achieve happiness (not wealth or fame)
What is Aristotle's 'Golden Mean'?
Balance, acting wisely