whole lec 7 muscle

What muscle layer surrounds an individual muscle fiber?

Endomysium;

What muscle layer surrounds a fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)?

Perimysium;

What muscle layer surrounds a bunch of fascicles?

Epimysium;

What muscle layer becomes the tendon?

Epimysium (becomes the tendon);

What is the MUSCLE FASCIA?

Muscle fascia is loose fibrous connective tissue on the outside of the muscle;

What does muscle fascia do?

It creates a slippery surface for muscles to rub against each other;

What is an aponeurosis?

A modified tendon that usually inserts just under the skin (palm and scalp);

Name four types of muscles.

Parallel, Pennate, Convergent, Circular;

Parallel muscle

long fibers

contract a long way

relatively weak

Name 3 types of PENNATE MUSCLES.

Unipennate, Bipennate, Multipennate;

Unipennate

many short fascicles

strong

insert on one side of a tendon

Bipennate

fascicles insert into the tendon from both sides

Multipennate

fascicles in multiple bundles inserting on one tendon

Which muscle type is the strongest?

Multipennate;

Convergent muscle

fibers come together on the tip of a tendon

more fibers than parallel

fibers contract a greater distance than pinnate

What does a circular muscle form?

Sphincter;

Define origin.

The region that usually does not move when the muscle contracts;

Define insertion.

The point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts;

What is the main muscle for a particular action called?

Agonist;

What is the muscle that helps the agonist (primary mover)?

Synergist;

What muscle does the opposite action of the prime mover?

Antagonist;

What are the 3 types of muscle cells?

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac;

Which muscles are voluntary?

Skeletal muscle;

Which muscles are striated?

Skeletal and cardiac muscle;

Where is skeletal muscle found and what does it do?

Attached to bones; moves the skeleton;

Where is cardiac muscle found and what structure does it have that other muscle types do not have?

Heart; intercalated discs;

Where is smooth muscle found?

Organs such as stomach, uterus, intestines, bladder, blood vessels;

What is a muscle stem cell called?

Myoblast;

What 2 things are needed for muscle contraction?

Nerve signal and calcium;

What is a motor unit?

A single neuron and all the muscle fibers it synapses with;

What happens to muscles after much exercise?

Hypertrophy (growth in size);

What happens to muscles after lack of use?

Atrophy;