Biology 19/02/25

Evolution

The process of life and how it was believed to have changed overtime

Artificial selection

Nature provides the inherited variations and humans select the variant they find useful

Adaptation

Any heritable characteristics that increase an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in its environment

Fitness

Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment

Gene pool

Consist of all genes present in a population, including all alleles for each gene

Natural selection

The process by which organisms in nature with variations, most suited to their local environment, survive and leave more offsprings

allele frequency

The number of types in allele occur in a gene pool as an percent of total occurrence of all alleles for that gene pool in that gene pool

Genetic variation

produced variation is in three main ways, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction and the lateral gene transfer

Directional selection

Individual at one end of curve have higher fitness than individuals elsewhere and curve

Disruption selection

when phenotypes have both upper and lower ends of curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

Stabilizing selection

If individual near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individual at either end

genetic drift

Kind of random change in allele frequency

Bottleneck effect

A change in allele frequency, following a dramatic reduction, in the size of a population

Founder effect

Allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population

Genetic equilibrium

If population isn’t evolving allele frequencies and its gene pole are not changing, and population is in genetic equilibriumI

Gene flow

Changes in a allele frequency can be produced by gene flow

Hardy Weinberg principal

A little frequencies and a population should remain constant unless one or more factor causes those frequencies to change