grade 12 religion exam

Providence

God’s influence upon events and actions, as opposed to Him predetermining events or actions

Apocalyptic Literature

emerged during Israel’s troubled times and focused on the end of history, God’s judgment, and the battle between good and evil, often using vivid imagery of wars and natural disasters.

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

proposes that individuals progress through three levels (pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional) of moral reasoning, from basic self-interest to a more advanced understanding of justice and ethical principles.

Pre- Marital Sex

refers to sexual activity between individuals who are not married to each other

Covenant

a sacred, binding agreement or promise, often between God and humans, based on mutual commitments and responsibilities.

Happiness

is a state of well-being and contentment, often characterized by positive emotions, fulfillment, and satisfaction in life

Commandments

are a set of moral and religious laws or principles, most notably the Ten Commandments in the Bible, which guide ethical behavior and the relationship between humans and God

Ethics

• Rules that Guide our behaviours

• Morals are the behaviours we act on The search for the goodness of human life; the ”good” that humans tend towards; trying to discover the infinite good (page 5, 8, 10)

• The criteria, knowledge and understanding of what it takes to attain the “good”

• The theory behind the “good” (see page 22)

Grounds for Annulment

• legal or religious reasons that make a marriage invalid from the start, 

• Insufficient use of reason (mental illness, insanity, lack of consciousness)

• Ignorance of nature of marriage (including purpose)

• Wilful exclusion of children

• Infidelity

• Force

• Fear

• Fraud

• Error of person

• Non-Consummation – due to inability not choice.

Conjugal

refers to anything related to marriage or the relationship between married partners. It often pertains to the rights, duties, or aspects of a marital relationship, including sexual relations, cohabitation, and mutual responsibilities.

Naturalism

• Everything in the universe is part of a unified system and proved

  through science, including ethics; everything is part of one chain of

  cause and effect

• Directly contradicts the concept of human freedom

Eschatological

• Pertaining to the end of time, in the sense of its fullness. The coming of the kingdom of God at the end of time, according to Jesus, has already begun in his life, death and resurrection.

• Eschatological ethics is an ethics that insists that we can already live what God will realize or reveal at the end.

Fowler’s Theory

faith evolves through stages, influenced by personal experiences and societal factors. These stages range from a simplistic, external faith in childhood to a more complex, individualized faith in adulthood, with each stage involving a deeper understanding of self, others, and the world.

Conscience

• God’s voice that calls us to love and avoid evil

• A law inscribed in our human hearts by God that informs us of how to do the good

Solidarity

mutual support and unity among individuals or groups with shared interests or goals.

The Beggar

• a sympathy experience

• looking in their eyes, guilt hits

Jewish Prophets

• Moses: Led the Israelites and received the Torah.

• Isaiah: Predicted the Messiah and God's redemption.

• Jeremiah: Warned of Jerusalem's destruction and future restoration.

• Ezekiel: Known for vivid visions of Israel's revival.

Thrival Rights

Things needed to foster the full potential of God’s creation such as, respect, privacy, freedom of speech, religious liberty, education, meaningful work.

Indissolubility

The permanent bond of marriage, not broken even through divorces (legal side).

Will and Autonomy

• Individual’s ability to make choices based on desires/intentions.

• Autonomy is the same thing but without external control or influence.

Kant’s Theory

moral duty

Conditions for Sin

• Sufficient knowledge or reflection

• Full consent of will 

• serious matter

• causes real evil to myself, or another person. Often gravity of hell

Venial Sin

Lesser sin that strains, but does not break, the relationship with God.

Mortal Sin

Serious sin that severs the relationship with God and puts the soul in jeopardy.

Personal Sin

An individual’s deliberate violation of moral law, which can be mortal if all conditions are met.

Social Sin

Collective wrongdoing within society or institutions, leading to injustice or harm

Distributive Justice

• Relationship of society/government to the individual

• Offices and positions are not hereditary, but obtained through qualifications.

Vocation

• A call from God to a way of life that is founded on the love of God and neighbour

• Helps form your identity

Parousia

the second coming of Christ at the end of time.

Fidelity

Loyalty and faithfulness

Catechesis

• Religious instruction and formation of faith.

• Usually in preparation for things like baptism, confirmation etc.

Torah and Gospel

• Old Testament: Contains laws, early creation stories, history of israelites.

• Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deutoronomy

• Gospel Good News, life of Jesus, written by Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

Revelation and Sanctuary

• The revealing of God’s divine truths.

• Sanctuary is sacred or holy place of worship and refuge. (Church, Synagogue)

Object and Subject

• subject refers to the individual experiencing or engaging with religious practices or beliefs

• object refers to the divine, sacred, or religious entity being worshipped or revered.

Capacity

refers to an individual's ability or potential to understand, participate in, or receive spiritual teachings, experiences, or practices

Crises

are moments of profound spiritual or moral struggle that challenge an individual's faith, beliefs, or relationship with the divine, often leading to transformation or reevaluation.

License

refers to the permission or authority to perform religious acts

Discern

means to perceive or recognize divine truth, guidance, or the moral or spiritual significance of a situation, often through careful thought, prayer, or reflection.

Formation

refers to the process of spiritual growth and development, where individuals or communities are shaped in their faith, beliefs, and practices.